Bulwer's Petrel
Bulweria bulwerii
A small, slender petrel with long, narrow wings and a long tail. It is entirely dark brown except for diagonal buff-colored bars on the upper wings. The flight is usually low over the water, with fewer high arcs than other petrels. Nests on small islets off Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, and on most of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Commonly seen offshore from boats and sometimes from shore. The call, heard only at breeding colonies, is a soft bark.
识别特征
This very long-winged petrel is 25–29 cm (9.8–11.4 in) in length with a 78–90 cm (31–35 in) wingspan. It has mainly brown plumage and a long pointed tail. It has a buoyant twisting flight as it picks planktonic food items from the ocean surface.[citation needed]
分类信息
Bulwer's petrel was formally described in 1828 by the naturalists Jardine and Selby who coined the binomial name Procellaria bulwerii. The specific epithet was chosen to acknowledge the artist and naturalist James Bulwer who had collected the type specimen on the island of Madeira. Bulwer's petrel is now placed in the genus Bulweria that was introduced in 1843 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Bulweria bulwerii
- 命名信息
- (Jardine & Selby, 1828)
- 目
- Procellariiformes
- 科
- Procellariidae
- 属
- Bulweria
分布与栖息地
The species has a wide distribution through tropical and subtropical regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, it is a year-round resident in Cabo Verde, China, French Guiana, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Senegal and Taiwan, it breeds in the Macaronesian Islands and continental Portugal in the Atlantic; and from eastern China and the Bonin Islands, east to the Hawaiian Islands, the Marquesas Islands, the United States Minor Outlying Islands and Kiribati in the Pacific. It is marine and highly pelagic, usually found far from land except during the breeding season. This species has been sighted in Europe as a rare vagrant to Ireland, the Netherlands, France and Italy. It has also appeared as a vagrant in North America, with rare sightings far off the coast of both California and North Carolina[citation needed] and Australia.
- 繁殖区
- TrO : Ilheu da Vila (Azores), Porto Santo and Desertas (Madeira group), Salvage (n of Canary Is.), Canary Is., Raso and Ilheu de Cima (n, s Cape Verde is.; Macaronesia, off w Africa), Round I. (ne of Mauritius, c Mascarenes, sw Indian Ocean), islands off s China coast, Ogasawara Is. (=Bonin, s of Japan), Northwestern and main Hawaiian is. and Johnson Atoll (sw of Hawaii), Kiribati and Marquesas Is. (e Polynesia)
- 非繁殖区
- to w and s in Atlantic, reaching w Africa; widely in tropical Indian Ocean s to Mascarenes and through Indonesian Arch. to New Guinea and n Australia, to s and ec tropical Pacific
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Nests are built in burrows, vegetation, cliff caves/crevices, and under man-made debris and onshore driftwood. It does not excavate these burrows.<p>The breeding season for Bulwer's petrel starts in April and May. When breeding, it will always return to its previous nest site and mate with its previous mate. Breeding pairs form colonies of 7,000-9,000 pairs during the breeding season.<p>This petrel lays a clutch of one egg, although young and inexperienced birds will occasionally lay two eggs. The egg is beige-white and usually measures 42 by 30 millimetres (1.7 in × 1.2 in). Both sexes incubate the eggs for a period of 42 to 46 days. They will also both feed the chicks.<p>Bulwer's petrel is highly pelagic, and rarely found near land (except during the breeding season). Its diet mainly consists of small fish (such as sardines) and squid, with some additional crustaceans (such as crabs, krill, and shrimp) and plankton.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
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