Flame-throated Bulbul
Rubigula gularis
Yellow bulbul with a black head, a bright red throat, and pale eyes. Endemic to the Western Ghats, where it can often be found in scrubby foothill forest, as well as overgrown and degraded forest edge. Moves in flocks; often sticks close to cover. Song is pleasant and simple: a series of short and mellow warbling notes.
识别特征
The flame-throated bulbul is about 18 cm long with an olive-green back and yellow underparts, a squarish black head without a crest, an orange-red throat. The iris is white and contrasts with the dark head. The legs are brown and the gape is yellowish-pink. The bill is dark brown to black. The plumage of young birds has not been described.
分类信息
The species was described by John Gould in December 1835 (but published in 1836) based on a specimen in the Zoological Society of London that had been obtained from Travancore State. Gould noted that it was very similar to Brachypus dispar (now Rubigula dispar) that had been described by Thomas Horsfield and placed the new species likewise in the genus Brachypus as B. gularis. Viscount Walden suggested that this had already been described by Jerdon as Brachypus rubineus and called the "ruby-throated bulbul" (although this name was published later). This was subsequently included as a subspecies of a larger number of similar bulbuls in the Asian region under a broadly circumscribed Pycnonotus melanicterus. With a resurgence in the application of the phylogenetic species concept, the isolated population in the Western Ghats of India was separated as the flame-throated bulbul. The crested populations in the Eastern Ghats and Himalayas that lack the red throat which were treated as subspecies flaviventris were also elevated into full species as Pycnonotus flaviventris. Pycnonotus melanicterus in this newer and narrower circumscription followed by Pamela Rasmussen in Birds of South Asia (2005) and the Handbook of the Birds of the World (2005) only included the Sri Lankan population which was referred to as the black-capped bulbul. A 2017 study noted that the Western Ghats P. gularis and Sri Lankan P. melanicterus were closely related within a clade (the age of divergence from the common ancestor of its sister clades, however, has not been estimated in the study) that includes P. montis, P. dispar, and P. flaviventris leading to a placement of these species in a new genus Rubigula.
- 学名
- Rubigula gularis
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1836)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Pycnonotidae
- 属
- Rubigula
分布与栖息地
The flame-throated bulbul is found in the Western Ghats from southern Maharashtra and Goa southwards. It is a bird of forest that is only rarely seen at the edges of forests or inside coffee plantations.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The flame-throated bulbul keeps in small flocks and feeds on berries, including those of Lantana sp. It inhabits evergreen forests often along streams and valleys. The flame-throated bulbul feeds on fruit and insects, sometimes in mixed species foraging flocks.<p>Populations appear to move seasonally within the Western Ghats.<p>The breeding season is mostly from February to April. The nest is a small cup, placed in undergrowth from 1 to 3 metres from the ground level and is usually made of yellowing leaves bound with cobwebs and can easily be mistaken for a wind-blown accumulation of dry leaves.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Masked Crimson Tanager
Ramphocelus nigrogularis
Small, attractive tanager; bright crimson and black with a black mask and silver bill. Most commonly found in vegetation around oxbow lakes, also sometimes found in nearby forests and along rivers. Sexes similar though females are slightly duller than males. Extensive crimson and black mask easily distinguish this species from other tanagers within its range.
Little Bee-eater
Merops pusillus
A small, mostly grass-green bee-eater with a canary-yellow throat separated from buff underparts by a black line across the throat. Singles and pairs occupy grassy savanna and wetland edges. They often perch lower than 1.5 m above the ground, and dart around hunting flying insects, then returning to the same small twig. Calls include a sibilant “s-lip” and other high-pitched notes. The Blue-breasted Bee-eater is slightly larger and has a white patch on the cheek. The much larger Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater has burnt orange underparts, and it prefers highland forest above 1800 m.
Gray-legged Tinamou
Crypturellus duidae
Unobtrusive, poorly-known tinamou. Mostly rusty-colored with a scaly back and wings. Females are more boldly marked on the back and wings than males. Found at the edge of dense forests and especially in white sand forests. The song is a rather short double whistle: “whoo-whoooooooo.” The similar Variegated Tinamou has a grayish head and more barring on the back.
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