Todd's Antwren
Herpsilochmus stictocephalus
Common antwren of mixed-species flocks in forest canopy, but sometimes found away from them; heard frequently but seldom seen. From below, note clean white underparts, long tail, and rather heavy bill. Moves sluggishly along branches and examines leaf clusters. Often occurs in the same flocks as Spot-tailed Antwren and is not safely separable from that species under most viewing conditions, except by voice. Song is distinctive and given throughout the day, often when other species are quiet.
识别特征
Todd's antwren is 10 to 11 cm (3.9 to 4.3 in) long and weighs 8 to 9.5 g (0.28 to 0.34 oz). Adult males have a black forehead with short white streaks, a black crown and nape, a long white supercilium, and a black streak behind the eye. Their back and rump are light gray with small black patches, white-edged black scapulars, and a white patch between the scapulars. Their wings are black with white tips on the coverts and white edges on the flight feathers. Their tail is black; the feathers have white tips, white spots and a white streak on the central ones, and white edges on the outer ones. Their throat is white and their underparts pale gray with slightly darker sides. Adult females have a buff tinge on their forehead, a black crown with white spots, and light buff breast and sides. Their wings and tail are like the male's. The species is very similar to the spot-tailed antwren (H. sticturus), differing mostly in female plumage and song.
分类信息
Todd's antwren is monotypic. It appears to form a superspecies with the ancient antwren (H. gentryi).
- 学名
- Herpsilochmus stictocephalus
- 命名信息
- Todd, 1927
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Herpsilochmus
分布与栖息地
The spot-tailed antwren is found from eastern Venezuela's Bolívar state east through the Guianas into northeastern Brazil's Pará and Amapá states. It inhabits the subcanopy and canopy of humid evergreen forest in the lowlands and foothills. It favors areas of tall forest on rich soil and almost never occurs in forested savanna or seasonally flooded forest. In elevation, it ranges from sea level to 700 m (2,300 ft). Its range overlaps that of the spot-tailed antwren, whose preferred habitat is somewhat different.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Todd's antwren is thought to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The diet of Todd's antwren has not been detailed but is known to be mostly arthropods. It forages singly, in pairs, and in family groups, and often as a member of a mixed-species feeding flock. It typically feeds between 20 and 40 m (65 and 130 ft) above the ground, at the ends of leafy branches, in the crown of trees, and in vine tangles. It forages actively but methodically and usually captures prey by gleaning leaves, stems, and vines by reaching from a perch. It is not known to follow army ants.<p>Nothing is known about the breeding biology of Todd's antwren.<p>The song of Todd's antwren is a "short, high, rapid series of about 12 notes, which descend and slow down at the end". Its calls include an "abrupt, downslurred 'tup' and even more abrupt, vibrant 'chit' ". Its song is the easiest way to separate it from the spot-tailed antwren, as both are hard to see in the forest canopy.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-breasted Nigrita
Nigrita fusconotus
Unusual little nigrita with pale underparts, a black cap, and a brown back. Found in and around humid forest at low and middle elevations, usually in pairs or small groups in the canopy. One song consists of an up-and-down series of mournful whistles. Another, which is more distinctive, is a long, descending series of high-pitched notes. Superficially similar to some waxbills, but separated by the lack of red plumage.
Buru Golden-Bulbul
Hypsipetes mysticalis
A thrush-sized olive-colored songbird with a long, fairly heavy bill. Plumage uniform olive-green except for narrow yellow chin, yellow patch between the bill and the eye, and partial yellow eye-ring above the eye. Pairs or small groups occupy forest, degraded forest, edges, and plantations from sea level to foothills. Unmistakable; limited to the island of Buru. Song starts with several soft “pip” or “chek” notes, then explodes in a series of variable whistles, e.g. “WEE-WEE-WEE-WEK-pewee-pewee-WEE-WEE.” Calls include dry “chek” notes and rasping “chirrrik” calls.
Rufous Vanga
Schetba rufa
Chunky mid-sized vanga with boldly rufous, black, and white coloration. Males have a black hood, whereas females have a black cap and white throat. Found in both dry forest and rainforest, though more common in dry forest. Generally sluggish, and often perches at middle levels for long periods. Can become aggressive toward other birds that enter its territory. Large cup nest is often conspicuously placed in a low crotch of a tree. Song is a long, descending, musical trill.
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