Campbell Islands Teal
Anas nesiotis
The smallest of the three endemic New Zealand teal species. Small, flightless dark brown duck. Males have green iridescence on head and dark chestnut-colored breast. Females are uniformly dark brown. Both sexes show bold white eye-ring. More secretive than the closely related Auckland Islands Teal; most often found on the shoreline foraging through piles of seaweed or rocks. Also can be found on peaty streams or in wetland pools with adequate cover from sedges and tussock. Confined to Campbell Islands other than an introduction on Codfish Island, where a small population remains. Males give a soft trill as an alarm or territorial call. Females give a growl and a rapid quack. Distinguished from other New Zealand endemic teal species by location and more prominent white eye-ring.
分类信息
- 学名
- Anas nesiotis
- 命名信息
- (Fleming, JH, 1935)
- 目
- Anseriformes
- 科
- Anatidae
- 属
- Anas
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
The Campbell teal was once found on Campbell Island, but was driven to extinction there by the introduction of Norway rats (which ate their eggs and chicks), and was for a while presumed extinct. In 1975 it was rediscovered on Dent Island, a small (23 hectare) islet near Campbell that had remained rat-free. The population was so small that a single event could have driven it to complete extinction; to prevent this from happening, 11 individuals were taken into captivity by the Department of Conservation for captive breeding at the Pukaha / Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre in 1984 while the rest followed in 1990. They were also put on the list of critically endangered species in 1979.<p>Captive breeding was initially very difficult to achieve, as no studies on the behaviour of the species had been carried out in the wild and "staff [at Mount Bruce] thus had to experiment with a range of techniques to encourage breeding. Success came in 1994 when Daisy, the only wild origin female to ever lay eggs in captivity, finally accepted a mate. Subsequently, breeding has occurred every year – wild origin males contributed genes by pairing with captive raised females."<p>A tiny population of 25 captive-bred individuals was released on Codfish Island in 1999 and 2000, already intensively managed and pest-free as an important habitat for the critically endangered kākāpō. In the final phase of the ecological restoration of Campbell Island (cattle, sheep and cats had already been removed), the world's largest rat eradication campaign was undertaken by helicopter drops of more than 120 tonnes of poisoned bait over the entirety of the island's 11,331 hectare area in 2001; this operation successfully removed what was estimated to be the world's densest population of Norway rats (200,000) from Campbell Island and it was officially declared rat free in 2003. Fifty Campbell teal, a mix of captive-bred and wild-acclimatised animals (from Codfish), were reintroduced to Campbell Island in mid-2004, after an absence of more than a century. Subsequent monitoring in 2005 has shown that the majority of these birds are now thriving in their ancestral homeland. By 2011 the species has firmly been returned to Campbell Island, resulting in a reclassification of its threat status to endangered, and vulnerable again in 2020.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Chatham Islands Parakeet
Cyanoramphus forbesi
Medium-sized bright green parakeet mainly restricted to Mangere and Little Mangere Islands on the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. Note distinctive yellow crown above a red forehead. Due to hybridization with Red-crowned Parakeet, some birds have red extending to and beyond the eye and a crown that varies from yellow-orange to orange-red. Males are larger than females. Will feed out in the open on flowering flax as well as in forest habitats. Commonly seen on the ground, scratching the surface like a chicken. Chatters quietly while feeding and often calls in flight. Forms small flocks in autumn and winter. Red-crowned Parakeet is present in the same habitat but lacks yellow on crown and has an obvious red band extending to, and beyond, the eye.
Ecuadorian Trogon
Trogon mesurus
Large, red-bellied trogon found only in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. Both sexes have white eyes, plain black tail, mostly yellow bill, and a variable amount of white on breast. Male is mostly green with a black face. Female is mostly gray with a dark top to her yellow bill. Very similar to Blue-tailed Trogon, but usually shows a white spot or stripe on breast, and prefers dry and semi-humid forest. No overlap with Black-tailed Trogon. Perches on tree branches for long periods, occasionally sallying out to take fruits or insects. Song is a leisurely series of whistles or hoots.
Blue-winged Racquet-tail
Prioniturus verticalis
A rare medium-sized parrot of lowland forest and edge on the Sulu Islands, possibly only remaining on Tawi-Tawi. The two central tail feathers have extended shafts ending in a racket shape. Overall green in color, darker on the back and paler below, with deeper green on the head and a pale bill. Male has a red-and-blue crown patch, but female’s patch is only blue. Occurs together with Blue-naped and Azure-rumped Parrots, but smaller, with a small pale bill. Voice includes various nasal squawks and grating calls.
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