Spot-winged Monarch

Large, dark, powerfully-built owl. Has orange eyes and rufous tones to the plumage, on both the back and the underparts. Found in rugged and rocky terrain, mainly in the mountains, though down to sea level in southern Africa. Uncommon to rare across its range. Call is 2–3 deep hoots. Similar to Spotted Eagle-Owl, but larger, with bright-orange eyes, more rufous in the plumage, and coarser markings below.

Small rainforest flycatcher found in lowlands and lower mountain slopes. The broad bill and bright yellow edges to its wing feathers (not crisp wingbars) separate it from most other species. Very similar to Yellow-olive Flycatcher, but eye is dark and head is a deeper shade of gray. Typical song is a series of four or five sharp squeaks. Usually stays high in the trees and often seen with mixed species flocks. Formerly considered a subspecies of Yellow-margined Flycatcher.

Typical brown buzzard that is endemic to Madagascar. Found throughout the island in many different habitats, though absent from pure grassland. Voice is a series of increasingly strident wails, often given in flight. Distinguished in flight from Madagascar Cuckoo-Hawk by larger size, less paddle-shaped wings, and the pale panels toward the tips of the wings. When perched, look for a paler chest and heavily marked belly, whereas Madagascar Cuckoo-Hawk shows the opposite. Separated from immature Madagascar Harrier-Hawk by dark head and lack of pale fringes on the wing.