Marvelous Spatuletail
Loddigesia mirabilis
Celebrated hummingbird restricted to Andean cloud forest in northern Peru. With his outrageous tail, blue crown, and iridescent green throat, the male ranks as one of the world’s most spectacular birds. He occasionally molts his distinctive tail feathers, so it is not unusual to see males lacking one or both rackets, or with one much longer than the other. Female is mainly green above and white below; she is best identified by the combination of a white spot behind the eye, a speckled throat, and slightly elongated tail feathers with blunt tips. Feeds on flowers at low to middle levels, usually at forest edge or in clearings. Visits feeders at the Huembo Reserve near Pomacochas.
识别特征
The male marvelous spatuletail is 15 to 17 cm (5.9 to 6.7 in) long including its 11 to 13 cm (4.3 to 5.1 in) tail. Females are 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long with a 5 to 7 cm (2.0 to 2.8 in) tail. The male's signature feature is its two outer tail feathers with bare shafts that cross each other and end in large purplish black racquets or "spatules". The remaining tail feathers are very short and are supported by two long undertail coverts. The female's outer tail feathers are also long, but shorter than the male's, and do not have the racquets.<p>Both sexes have a slightly decurved black bill and a white spot behind the eye. Males have mostly green upperparts with a blue crest and a brownish hindneck. Their gorget is glossy blue-green and the rest of the underparts are white with a black line down the center. Females are also green above but do not have a crest or gorget. Their underparts are white without the male's black central line.
分类信息
The marvelous spatuletail is currently (early 2022) treated by worldwide taxonomic systems as the only member of its genus. However, a molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2014 found that the marvelous spatuletail was embedded in genus Eriocnemis, the "pufflegs". Moving it to Eriocnemis would require that the colorful puffleg (currently E. mirabilis) receive a new specific epithet because the spatuletail's mirabilis has priority.
- 学名
- Loddigesia mirabilis
- 命名信息
- (Bourcier, 1847)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Loddigesia
分布与栖息地
The marvelous spatuletail is found only in a small area in the Andes of northern Peru. Most records are from the valley of the Utcubamba River in Amazonas Department with a few further east in the Department of San Martín. It inhabits the edges of mature forest, secondary forest, and montane scrublands. It is partial to thickets of thorny Rubus with alder (Alnus). In elevation it ranges between 2,100 and 2,900 m (6,900 and 9,500 ft) though there are unconfirmed reports both higher and lower.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The marvelous spatuletail is a year-round resident of its range.<p>The marvelous spatuletail forages by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants where it perches to feed. It is most often seen feeding at a red-flowered lily (Bomarea formosissima) but has been observed feeding in at least five other species of flowering plants. It is dominated by other hummingbird species that share its range.<p>Little is known about the marvelous spatuletail's breeding phenology. Its breeding season appears to be between December and February but may extend from October to May. Males gather at leks and perform an aerial display.<p>The male marvelous spatuletail gives "a repeated high-pitched buzzy metallic note...'tzzz...tzzz...'" during its aerial display. Its calls include "an upslurred high-pitched sweet note 'tswee'" and "a more strident 'tsik'".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-billed Partridge
Arborophila rubrirostris
Found throughout the highland forests of Sumatra (900-2500 meters), this small partridge’s bright red bill is unique in its range. Also note its reddish-brown chest, scaly black-and-white flank feathers, black-and-brown-striped back. Head pattern varies; can be predominantly black with white speckling or predominantly white with black crown and nape. Song is a rising series of whistles, some of which have a doubled quality: “wuew, wuwuew, wuew.” Like other Arborophila partridges, pairs often duet, with one bird giving the rising whistle song and another giving a series of lower “ooh” notes.
Marquesan Kingfisher
Todiramphus godeffroyi
An extremely pale kingfisher with a mostly white body and head and a very thin black line going through the eye and around the back of the head. Wings and tail pale blue, and bill dark. Prefers dense humid lowland forest, often along streams. Unique within its range. Gives a short repetitive “kiau,” developing into a laughing chatter.
Black-bellied Sunbird
Cinnyris nectarinioides
A slim, long-billed sunbird in which breeding males and females are very different. Breeding males are mostly dark iridescent green with a red band across the underparts. The red band is bordered by narrow yellow stripes in the southern part of the range. Females are plain, with gray-brown upperparts and pale underparts with dark streaking. Found in dry thorn savanna. Similar to Beautiful Sunbird, but breeding males are separated by the less extensive or absent yellow in their belly band, and females by being more streaked below. The common calls are quiet chips and “tip” notes, and the song is a high-pitched jumble typical of sunbirds.
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