Red-billed Pied Tanager
Lamprospiza melanoleuca
Social, black-and-white bird of rainforest canopy. Combination of pied plumage and red bill is diagnostic. Always seen at the uppermost levels of tall rainforest in groups of 4–10 individuals, ranging noisily through the canopy and moving from one emergent tree to the next. Often perches on bare branches but seldom remains in one place for long. Forages deliberately, hopping along branches and taking both insects and fruit. Often associates with other species, but tends to remain on the periphery of mixed-species canopy flocks, sometimes flying off long distances and returning. More often heard than seen; calls include a mixture of slurred and musical doubled notes. Calls are sharp, far carrying, and distinctive once learned.
识别特征
The red-billed pied tanager is 17 to 18 cm (6.7 to 7.1 in) long and weighs 24 to 42 g (0.85 to 1.48 oz). The male's head and upper parts are glossy blue-black, its throat and chest black, and the rest of the underparts white. The female is similar but the nape, back, and rump are gray. Both have the eponymous red bill. The juvenile is quite different; it has a black bill and head. Its upper back is white and the lower back mottled black and white. The underparts are white with some black mixed in.
分类信息
French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot described the red-billed pied tanager as Saltator melanoleucus in 1817. In 1823, English ornithologist John Latham called it the divaricated tanager, having seen a specimen in Lord Stanley's collection. French naturalist René Lesson called it Psaris habia in his work Centurie zoologique. English ornithologist George Robert Gray followed on by placing in the genus Tityra as T. habia in his Genera of Birds. German ornithologist Jean Cabanis defined the genus Lamprospiza in 1847, giving it the binomial name of Lamprospiza habia. Finally English zoologist Philip Sclater gave it its current name in 1856, synonymising the species descriptions to date. <p>The red-billed pied tanager and the three other species in family Mitrospingidae were previously placed in family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers. A 2013 publication detailed how they did not belong there and proposed the new family for them. The North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society accepted the new placement in July 2017 and March 2019, respectively. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) followed suit in January 2018.<p>The red-billed pied tanager is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies.
- 学名
- Lamprospiza melanoleuca
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1817)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thraupidae
- 属
- Lamprospiza
分布与栖息地
The red-billed pied tanager is found in the upper Amazon Basin from eastern and southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia east to central Brazil and north into the Guianas. There it inhabits the canopy and emergent trees of humid terra firme forest up to about 900 m (3,000 ft) elevation. It can also be found on the edges of the forest.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The red-billed pied tanager's diet includes berries, seeds, beetles, and Cecropia catkins. It typically forages in groups of three to eight individuals that may associate with mixed-species feeding flocks. It hops between branches and occasionally sallies out for flying prey.<p>Very little has been published about the red-billed pied tanager's breeding phenology. A female was seen on a nest in Brazil's Amazonas state in February. Fledged young were seen in Mato Grosso in June and in Amazonas in September.<p>The red-billed pied tanager's song is complex, "a semi-musical but jumbled series". Flocks give a call rendered as "ééé-ééh...ééé-ééé-ééh...ééé-ééh-yuu...".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Pterocles senegallus
A medium-sized pallid and delicately-patterned sandgrouse. Pale and sandy overall. Note male’s silver-gray eyebrow and orange cheek and throat. Female has a paler version of the male’s pattern, as well as a speckled nape and chest. Lacks breast bands, unlike Pin-tailed and Black-bellied Sandgrouse. Very similar to Crowned Sandgrouse, but note the present species’ tail filaments and different facial pattern. Note the strong contrast in two-toned underwings when in flight. Flight call is a characteristic “Waka! Waka!” Favors sandy or stony desert plains where it breeds on the ground. Congregates to drink in waterholes in the morning, often flying back and forth over long distances in large flocks.
Large Wren-Babbler
Turdinus macrodactylus
Chunky babbler with a melon-shaped body, a long bill, and large dark eyes. Note pale blue patch around the eye separated from clean white throat by a dark line. Inhabits lowland and foothill forests with dense tangles and thickets. Forages on or just above the ground, either singly or in pairs or small flocks. Song is lovely and variable; usually consists of long pleasant whistles, occasionally interrupted by shorter notes.
Rachel's Malimbe
Malimbus racheliae
A beautiful malimbe locally distributed in Central Africa and restricted to lowland primary forest and its edges, where it is often found high above the ground in small groups or with mixed-species flocks, sometimes with other species of malimbe. Both males and females are wholly black with yellow vents and orange chests that fade to yellow at the edges. Males also have an orange crown and neck, giving them a collared appearance. Overlaps with several other species of malimbe, but distinguished by the yellow vent and orange chest with yellow edges. Calls are short, mechanical squeaks, while the song is a longer series of notes that incorporates dry rasps, similar to the songs of other weavers and malimbes. Rachel’s Malimbe appears to be particularly fond of musanga trees, also known as corkwood or umbrella trees.
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