Andean Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium jardinii
Very small owl of the upper subtropics and temperate forest. Typical pygmy-owl plumage: mostly brown or rufous above, white below with messy brown stripes, and small whitish spots on crown. Sexes similar. Found at higher elevations than other pygmy-owls, mostly from 2,500–3,500 m. Usually seen in the daytime perched at middle or upper levels of forest, often being mobbed by hummingbirds or small passerines. Typically detected by song, which can be given at any time of day but mainly early and late: a series of whistled toots, sometimes with a few quavering notes at the beginning.
识别特征
The Andean pygmy owl is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long. Males weigh 54.9 to 77.4 g (1.9 to 2.7 oz) and females 54.6 to 75 g (1.9 to 2.6 oz). It has two distinct color morphs; in one the head, most of the body, wings, and tail are dull dark brown with white markings and in the other the same areas are dark chestnut with buff markings. In both the crown has small white dots. They have white "brows" over yellow eyes, white "moustaches", and a broad white throat. Their nape has a black and white face-like pattern. Their backs have spots and the tail bars, white or buff respectively. The sides of the breast are dark brown or chestnut with pale markings; the white breast and belly have heavy dark brown or chestnut streaks.
分类信息
The Andean pygmy owl is monotypic.
- 学名
- Glaucidium jardinii
- 命名信息
- (Bonaparte, 1855)
- 目
- Strigiformes
- 科
- Strigidae
- 属
- Glaucidium
分布与栖息地
The Andean pygmy owl is found in far western Venezuela and the central and western Andes of Colombia south through Ecuador to central Peru. It inhabits a variety of mountain landscapes including cloudforest, elfin forest, Polylepis woodland, and sometimes more open landscapes like forest edge and pastures with scattered trees. It is found from the middle levels of the forest to the canopy. In elevation it ranges from about 1,500 to 3,500 m (4,900 to 11,500 ft) in Colombia and somewhat higher in Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Andean pygmy owl is active both day and night. Its diet is invertebrates, small birds, and small mammals.<p>The Andean pygmy owl's breeding phenology is poorly known. It nests in tree cavities such as old woodpecker holes. The clutch size is usually three.<p>The Andean pygmy owl's song is a "long series of rapidly delivered, evenly spaced 'poop' notes" that is sometimes preceded by two whistles.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cameroon Speirops
Zosterops melanocephalus
A dull dark brown white-eye with a distinctive white forecrown, white eye-ring and throat, and pale bill and legs; eyes are also often pale. A local but common resident restricted to Mount Cameroon, found in small groups between 1800 and 2800 meters of elevation. Prefers scrub at forest margins and alpine shrubland. Gives a loud, rolling musical song, “cheet-tee-too-too-twee-too-dee-dzoo” with variations, and other soft calls. Forest White-eye is much brighter than Cameroon Speirops but may occasionally join it in flocks.
Stierling's Wren-Warbler
Calamonastes stierlingi
Long-tailed brownish warbler. White below with clean dark barring. Found in broadleaf woodland: miombo, mopane, and Zambezi teak. Usually found in pairs or small groups. Often raises its tail in wren-like fashion. The song consists of three metallic notes, often repeated, reminiscent of a telephone ringtone. Similar to Barred Wren-Warbler, but found in different habitat, and the dark barring on the underparts contrasts more strongly with the white base color.
Western Spindalis
Spindalis zena
Uncommon in thickets, forest edge, and gardens, where found mainly at fruiting trees and bushes. Usually in pairs or small flocks, and often quite inconspicuous. Handsome male is unmistakable, with bold head pattern, golden-yellow and dark reddish body plumage, and bold white wing pattern. Female is notably drab, grayish olive overall with a small white mark on the wing, and a ghosting of the male wing pattern.
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