Lyre-tailed Nightjar
Uropsalis lyra
Cryptically patterned in brown and gray with a rufous collar. Most distinctive feature is male’s ridiculously long tail, up to three times the length of the body and tipped with white. Females lack long tail; look for more prominent rufous collar to help distinguish from Swallow-tailed Nightjar. Often associated with steep road cuts, landslides, or cliff faces within forests of the subtropical zones. Males roost during the day on vines or branches that allow their long tail to hang down; females more apt to roost on the ground. Most often seen at dusk, when males sing and sally out from the mountainside, flaunting their oversized tail. Tends to be found at lower elevations than similar Swallow-tailed Nightjar, but some overlap. Listen for sweet whistled song, several repeated phrases getting slightly higher in pitch.
识别特征
The male lyre-tailed nightjar has extremely long outer tail feathers from which the species gets its name; they are more than twice as long as its body. The female's tail is much shorter and less graduated. Adults of the nominate subspecies are 23.5 to 28 cm (9.3 to 11 in) long excluding the tail streamers. The tail exceeds 60 cm (24 in) in length. Males weigh about 70 g (2.5 oz) and females about 77 g (2.7 oz). The male's upperparts are brown. Its crown and nape are spotted with grayish white, buff, tawny, and cinnamon; the back also has tawny and cinnamon spots. It has a broad tawny "collar" around the nape. The tail is brown; the streamers have broad grayish white tips and the other tail feathers are barred and mottled with tawny and buff. The wings are also overall brown with buff, tawny, and cinnamon spots and mottling. The chin and throat are tawny or buff with brown bars and spots, and the "collar" extends across the throat. The breast and upper belly are brown with dense tawny bars and spots. the lower belly and flanks are buff barred with brown. The female's crown is grayish rather than brown and the primary wing feathers have more prominent rufous markings than the male's.<p>U. l. peruana is somewhat larger than the nominate and has a more reddish cast overall. U. l. argentina is the largest of the three subspecies. Compared to the nominate, its breast markings are whiter, and the tail streamers are tipped with gray instead of white.
分类信息
The lyre-tailed nightjar shares its genus with the swallow-tailed nightjar (Uropsalis segmentata). It has three subspecies, the nominate U. l. lyra, U. l. peruana, and U. l. argentina.
- 学名
- Uropsalis lyra
- 命名信息
- (Bonaparte, 1850)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Caprimulgidae
- 属
- Uropsalis
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of lyre-tailed nightjar is found in the Andes of western Venezuela, western Colombia, and Ecuador, and possibly northern Peru. U. l. peruana is found on the east slope of the Andes of Peru and into central Bolivia. U. l. argentina is found in the Andes of northern Argentina and possibly southern Bolivia. In elevation the species mostly ranges from 1,100 to 2,100 m (3,600 to 6,900 ft) but occurs as low as 800 m (2,600 ft) and as high as 3,500 m (11,500 ft). It inhabits humid montane forest, especially its edges and openings. It favors cliffs and ravines near running water.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The lyre-tailed nightjar is crepuscular and nocturnal. It forages by sallying from a rock or low perch along the forest edge. It may fly some distance but usually returns to the same perch. Though its diet has not been described, it is assumed to be insects like that of other nightjars. During the day it roosts on a branch or cliff, usually at least partly hidden by vegetation.<p>The lyre-tailed nightjar is thought to be polygynous. Males display in flight to females at communal leks. The breeding season has not been defined though it seems to vary across the species' range. One well studied nest was a scrape cleared of debris in an abandoned masonry fireplace in disturbed forest near pastureland. The female cared for the one nestling and no male was seen nearby.<p>The lyre-tailed nightjar's song is a "rollicking...5-11 rising wéeou-tee notes". It is mostly sung at dusk, from a perch or the ground. It is also given in flight or when chasing a female. The male's display flight includes a rapid series of "weep-weep-weep-weepupup" sounds.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Yellow-bellied Gerygone
Gerygone chrysogaster
A small bird of lowland forest midstory. White chest and throat, yellow belly, brown back and gray head. In most areas, they have a white eye-ring and line between the eye and black bill, lacking in the Bird’s Head area of New Guinea which also has a pale bill. Forages actively in small groups and often joins mixed species flocks. Similar to female Fairy Gerygone, but Yellow-bellied has a brownish rather than green back and tail. Song, a rising series of triple notes “pu-pu-pu pe-pe-pe pi-pi-pi” breaking into an up-and-down jumble.
Black-necked Wattle-eye
Platysteira chalybea
A distinctive wattle-eye with iridescent blue-black upperparts and throat, off-white underparts, and bright green eye wattles. Unlike many other wattle-eyes, sexes are similar, with the female looking like a male with dull plumage. Similar to Red-cheeked Wattle-eye, with which it overlaps locally in western Cameroon. Where overlap occurs, Black-necked Wattle-eye is found at higher elevations and shows more off-white underparts, brighter green eye wattles, and a uniformly iridescent black head and throat. Song varies, but is often a distinctive phrase of two high rising whistles and then two lower ones, “sweeswee-huuhuu.”
Canebrake Groundcreeper
Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides
Large, long-tailed ovenbird, rusty above and grayish below. Note the buff eyebrow and black spots at the sides of the throat. Found in montane forest and old second growth; often associated with bamboo or dense understory, usually near streams. Behavior poorly known, but forages in pairs both arboreally and terrestrially. Song is a loud series of staccato notes.
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