Black-capped Bulbul
Rubigula melanictera
Medium-sized greenish bird with a bright yellow underside and black head. Occurs in a variety of habitats, wherever there are trees, including forest, open woodlands, and gardens, in the lowlands and foothills. Usually encountered in pairs or small groups. Yellow throat and lack of black in the wing separates this species from Black-hooded Oriole. Unmarked, black head identifies Black-capped Bulbul from Yellow-eared and Yellow-browed Bulbuls. Song is series of warbling whistles, rising at the end, “wet-wet-wet-wer-wer-wer-weer.” Also gives churring calls.
识别特征
The black-capped bulbul is virtually crestless and has a yellow throat and brownish eyes. It is yellowish green above and yellow below. The tail is brownish and ends in a white tip. The male has red irides and the female has brown irides. Calls include a broad repertoire of sweet, mellow, minor-key piping whistles and sharper calls. Breeding records are from March to September.
分类信息
The black-capped bulbul was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the flycatchers in the genus Muscicapa and coined the binomial name Muscicapa melanictera. The specific epithet combines the Ancient Greek melas meaning "black" with ikteros meaning "jaundice-yellow". Gmelin based his description on the "yellow-breasted fly-catcher" from Sri Lanka that had been described and illustrated in 1776 by the English naturalist Peter Brown.<p>The black-capped bulbul was formerly placed in the genus Pycnonotus. A molecular phylogenetic study of the bulbul family published in 2017 found that Pycnonotus was polyphyletic. In the revision to the generic classification the black-capped bulbul and four other species were moved from Pycnonotus to Rubigula.Until 2008, the black-capped bulbul was considered as conspecific with the black-crested, ruby-throated, flame-throated and Bornean bulbuls. Some authorities have considered the ruby-throated, flame-throated and Bornean bulbuls to be subspecies of the black-capped bulbul.
- 学名
- Rubigula melanictera
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Pycnonotidae
- 属
- Rubigula
分布与栖息地
This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch. The black-capped bulbul feeds on fruit and insects. Found in forests, wooded areas and in gardens. Usually found in pairs.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Versicolored Emerald
Chrysuronia versicolor
A common and familiar hummingbird occurring in many different habitats from forest edges to deserts and mangroves to urban areas. Many different subspecies with significant variation in plumage, but all have a glowing green body, a variably white belly, and an orangish lower mandible. Subspecies vary in the presence of blue, green, or white throats and in the extent of the white patch on the belly.
Rufous-winged Philentoma
Philentoma pyrhoptera
Ambiguous-looking forest-dweller; loosely resembling a cross between a monarch and a paradise-flycatcher. Some males have warm rufous brown wings and clean white bellies, but--despite the name--some are gray-blue all over. Female is grayish above with an off-white throat and rufous wings and tail. Typically hunts from a perch at lower to middle levels of lowland and hill forests. Song is a pair of whistled notes: “whee-wheeep”. Also chatters harshly.
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Megascops hoyi
Medium-sized owl of upland humid forest mixed with Podocarpus and alders on the east slope of the Andes from NW Argentina to central Bolivia. The only Screech-Owl through much of its range. At lower elevation sites may overlap with Tropical Screech-owl, from which it can be distinguished by its slower, longer song.
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