Chestnut-banded Plover

Anarhynchus pallidus

Small, beautiful, pale-gray plover. Adults show a diagnostic chestnut band across the chest. Immatures are very plain but show a gray chest band. Found mainly on manmade saltpans and natural alkaline lakes, both along the coast and inland. Sometimes occurs in other coastal wetlands but virtually never on fresh water. Call is a quiet “peep”. Immatures can be confused with immature White-fronted Plover but normally show a blurry gray chest band and are colder gray on the back.

分类信息

学名: Anarhynchus pallidus
命名信息: (Strickland, 1853)
目: Charadriiformes
科: Charadriidae
属: Charadrius

分布与栖息地

This species is mostly associated with alkaline and saline water.Charadrius pallidus has two separate populations. The nominate subspecies is found in Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The subspecies venustus can only be found in the Rift Valley in Kenya and Tanzania. There is strong genetic divergence between these two subspecies based on microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial sequence analyses.However, because it occurs at fewer than ten locations in the non-breeding season, and habitat quality thereof is declining, the chestnut-banded plover is evaluated as Near Threatened in the 2007 IUCN Red List.The global population is estimated to be around 17,500 individuals. During non-breeding season, Walvis Bay and Sandwich Harbour in Namibia and Lake Natron in Tanzania can hold 87% of the world population.This species breeds in alkaline and saline wetlands, including inland salt pans. It will even make use of man-made salt ponds. At the coast, it is found around lagoons and salt marshes. Preferring areas devoid of vegetation, it is hardly found more than 50m from the water's edge.The nest is a round scrape in calcareous soil, dry mud or stony ground. It usually has a diameter of 5 cm and is 1 cm deep.During non-breeding season, the chestnut-banded plover is increasingly found in its coastal habitat. It now occurs up to 1 km away from the water.

迁徙: Resident species

行为

Although this species' movements vary throughout its range and are therefore poorly understood it is thought to be a partial migrant.The number of chestnut-banded plovers varies from year to year at any given site. Especially in response to droughts at inland breeding sites will the population fluctuate, reflecting even on the size of the global population. Breeding mostly coincides with rains.This bird can usually be found in pairs of small groups. Pairs defend territories particularly during the breeding season. During the non-breeding season, it forms very large communities. At one point, 375 birds were seen together in Namibia. It is known to sometimes forage in loose flocks of up to 60 birds and will occasionally roost with other plover species.Coastal Birds in South Africa appear to be mostly resident. They breed between March and May as well as from September to January.In Namibia, some coastal birds move inland to breed while some inland birds join the coastal populations after their breeding. In years of drought, the birds remain at the coast.It is not quite clear when the Namibian population breeds. Based on reports of birds moving inland from the coast during the rains in January, and being seen in large numbers during June and July, breeding season could be between January and June.However, the breeding months are placed between March and October according to some authors, who also report large numbers of the chestnut-banded plover at the coast during December and January. or The plover populations in Kenya and Tanzania in the African Great Lakes breed between March and October. The birds move up and down the Rift Valley, with peak numbers occurring at Lake Manyara between July and September. There are reports of birds outside their normal range, which suggests some kind of nomadism.

保护状况

The three most important habitat sites are designated Ramsar sites and Important Bird Areas. Sandwich Harbour is additionally a National Park while Lake Natron is a game controlled area.

种群趋势: stable

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其他鸟类

Black-thighed Puffleg

Eriocnemis derbyi

Scintillating hummingbird of the high Andes of Colombia and far northern Ecuador (it does not reach the Quito area). Male is dark glittering-green (with brighter rump and vent) and has inconspicuous black leg puffs. Female is brighter green with small white leg puffs, blue forehead, and white scaling on throat and breast. Typically seen feeding at the edge of elfin forest or in scrubby ravines.

White-tailed Ant-Thrush

Neocossyphus poensis

Dark, plain, long-tailed thrush. The tail is blackish with big white corners, and the wings show rufous patches in flight. Found on or near the ground in humid forest. Generally shy and retiring. Often follows ant swarms. The common vocalizations are a long, high whistle and a short “brttt” trill. Similar to Red-tailed Ant-Thrush, but has a black-and-white rather than reddish tail. Also similar to Finsch’s Flycatcher-Thrush, but has a more horizontal posture, and spends its time near the ground rather than in the mid-story.

Black-fronted Tyrannulet

Phylloscartes nigrifrons

Small flycatcher of humid tepui forests. Best field marks are grizzled black-and-white face, dark lores, and gray crown. Also note clean grayish-white underparts. Found in forests at middle and higher elevations (above 800 m) on tepui slopes, where it typically occurs in pairs and forages actively for insects, often joining mixed-species flocks. Generally gives only indistinct chip notes while foraging, but may also give an arresting, staccato rattle very unlike other birds in range. Most likely to be confused with the more common Chapman’s Bristle-Tyrant but has conspicuously dark lores and a gray crown and lacks yellow tones on breast and belly.

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