White-shouldered Antshrike
Thamnophilus aethiops
Shy antshrike found in understory of lowland and foothill rainforest. Male is dark gray or black; he also has small white dots on the shoulder and a white line at the bend of the wing, but these features are not always evident in the field. Female is plain brown; on the western edge of the range, she also has a black face, throat, and tail. Usually first detected by voice: song is a soft series of evenly spaced, nasal caws.
识别特征
The white-shouldered antshrike is 15 to 17 cm (5.9 to 6.7 in) long and weighs 23 to 30 g (0.81 to 1.1 oz). Members of genus Thamnophilus are largish members of the antbird family; all have stout bills with a hook like those of true shrikes. This species exhibits significant sexual dimorphism. Adult males of the nominate subspecies T. a. aethiops are mostly black. They have a few white spots on their wing's lesser coverts and the bend of the wing, white underwing coverts, and a blackish gray lower belly and crissum. Adult females are entirely deep reddish brown. Subadult males resemble adult females but with pale spots on their wing coverts.<p>The other subspecies of the white-shouldered antshrike differ from the nominate and each other thus:
分类信息
The white-shouldered antshrike was described by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1858 and given the binomial name Thamnophilus aethiops. It, the uniform antshrike (T. unicolor), and the upland antshrike (T. aroyae) form a superspecies or are sister species.<p>The white-shouldered antshrike has these 10 subspecies:<p>Several of the subspecies are separated by rivers in the Amazon Basin and authors have suggested that they might represent individual species.
- 学名
- Thamnophilus aethiops
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL, 1858
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Thamnophilus
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of the white-shouldered antshrike are found thus:<p>The white-shouldered antshrike mostly inhabits evergreen forest, occurring mostly in its heavily vegetated understorey. In Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru it is found in the Andean foothills and lower elevation terra firme. In elevation it ranges up to 800 m (2,600 ft) in Colombia, 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Ecuador, and 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Peru. In Venezuela and Amazonian Brazil it mostly occurs at the forests' edges along watercourses and in overgrown gaps such as those made by fallen trees. In Mato Grosso it often is associated with stands of Guadua bamboo within terra firme and transitional forest. In Venezuela, it occurs below 400 m (1,300 ft) and in Brazil as high as 900 m (3,000 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Papuan Boobook
Ninox theomacha
The commonest owl from lowland and montane forest and edge. Fairly small, with dark brown back and rich chocolate brown chest. Short, pale eyebrows forming a V-shape. Birds in some areas have broad white streaks on the belly and white flecking on the back. Often catches flying insects from a perched position. Told from the other co-occuring New Guinea Owls by the smaller size and lack of strong streaks or bars. Call a double, downslurred “hooo-hooo!” with a gravely quality, repeated at intervals.
Double-banded Plover
Anarhynchus bicinctus
Small migratory plover. Widespread in New Zealand breeding on braided rivers on both the North and South Islands. Much of the population migrates to overwinter along coastal areas in Australia, but also ventures into freshwater wetlands and grasslands. In breeding plumage, adult has two dark bands on breast, the upper band thin and blackish, the lower band broad and rusty. Nonbreeding birds more difficult to distinguish from other similar plovers: look for pale hindcollar, buff color on face, and two diffuse gray-brown streaks extending onto the breast from near the bend of the wing. This species also has shorter legs and a shorter, thinner bill than Greater and Lesser Sand Plovers.
Plumbeous Pigeon
Patagioenas plumbea
Large dark pigeon of forest interior. Overall purplish-gray, slightly darker and browner on wings. Pale eye. Sexes alike. Note plainer appearance and longer tail than many other doves and pigeons. Most similar to Ruddy Pigeon but plumage grayer (not reddish) and eye paler. Usually quite secretive, staying in the canopy where singles or pairs feed on fruits. Found from lowlands into subtropical zone, up to 2,300 m (7,500 ft). More often heard than seen; listen for the cooing “who-cooks-for-you” song with the last two notes drawn out.
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