Red-and-black Grosbeak
Periporphyrus erythromelas
Medium-sized shy bird of tall forest. Both sexes easily recognizable by thick conical bill and contrasting black head; male’s red plumage renders it essentially unmistakable. Female similarly patterned, but with red replaced by yellow and olive. Found in middle and lower levels of rainforest, especially in hilly regions and premontane forests around the tepuis; locally distributed and nowhere common. Sometimes follows mixed-species flocks. Gives thin, lisping contact calls that are easily overlooked. Male’s song is a slow, rich, inflected warble, usually ending on a higher note; distinctive once learned.
识别特征
The red-and-black-grosbeak is 20.5 cm (8.1 in) long; one male weighed 48 g (1.7 oz). Both sexes have a heavy black bill and their entire head including the throat is black. The male's nape, breast, and belly are bright red and its back is a deep red. The female's upper parts are dark greenish yellow and the underparts yellowish green. The immature male has a similar color scheme to the adult but it is duller.<p>Both sexes of red-and-black grosbeak sing "an exceptionally sweet series of halting phrases" [1]. Its call is a "sharp 'spink'" [2].
分类信息
The red-and-black grosbeak was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it in the genus Loxia and coined the binomial name Loxia erythromelas. The specific epithet is from Ancient Greek and means "blackish-red" or "red andblack"; eruthros means "red" and melas means "black". Gmelin based his description on the "black-headed grosbeak" that had been described and illustrated in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book A General Synopsis of Birds. Latham had examined specimens from Cayenne at the Leverian Museum in London. The red-and-black grosbeak is now placed with the crimson-collared grosbeak in the genus Periporphyrus that was introduced by German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1850. It is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Periporphyrus erythromelas
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Cardinalidae
- 属
- Periporphyrus
分布与栖息地
The red-and-black grosbeak is primarily found from far eastern Venezuela east through the Guianas and into northern Brazil. It has also been observered in Brazil south of the Amazon River. It inhabits mature humid terra firme and várzea forest from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The red-and-black grosbeak forages in the lower levels of the forest for arthropods and seeds. It does not join mixed-species foraging flocks but feeds in pairs or family groups.<p>No information has been published on the red-and-black grosbeak's breeding phenology.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Guadalcanal Hooded Whistler
Pachycephala implicata
A distinctive whistler of dark, dingy appearance. Body color is a dank mossy olive, with a slate-gray throat and a black cap. Hood often appears one-colored in forest light. Female is golden below and olive above with a gray head and a white throat. Mainly found in primary forest above 1100 meters of elevation, but does wander lower. Occurs together with Oriole Whistler, but differs in the male’s lack of a bright golden throat, neck, and belly and the female’s olive back and unstreaked underparts. Voice includes a sequence of loud, almost electronic staccato whistles.
Eastern Yellow Robin
Eopsaltria australis
A plump, small robin, gray above and bright yellow below. Dark gray in the area between the bill and eye (lores), unlike similar Pale-yellow Robin. Perches on low branches and on the side of tree trunks, from which it drops to the ground to capture prey. Inhabits forests of eastern Australia. Voice is a slow, repetitive whistle. Also gives a loud double whistle, worth learning.
Bendire's Thrasher
Toxostoma bendirei
Dusty-brown bird with long tail, found in shrubby deserts and grasslands. Tail dark with small white corners; undertail coverts warmer orangey. Eye yellow. Very similar to Curve-billed Thrasher. Subtle differences include smaller, more triangular-shaped markings on breast, and shorter, straighter bill. Shy; often hard to spot on the ground but sometimes perches conspicuously when singing. Ages and sexes similar; juveniles show faint buffy wingbars. Listen for jumbled, rambling song.
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