Plain-winged Antwren
Myrmotherula behni
Small, rare antbird found in lush cloud forest along the east slope of the Andes and in the tepui region of Venezuela, Guyana, and extreme northern Brazil. Male is dark gray with black throat and breast; extent of black is geographically variable. Female is brown with a pale throat. Similar to Slaty Antwren but lacks wing markings. Inhabits forest understory, where often encountered with mixed-species flocks. Song is a series of four to ten soft whistles.
识别特征
The plain-winged antwren is 9 to 9.5 cm (3.5 to 3.7 in) long; one female weighed 7.9 g (0.28 oz). It is a smallish bird with a short tail. Adult males of the nominate subspecies M. b. behni are almost entirely gray, with lighter underparts than upperparts. Their chin and the center of their throat and upper breast are black. Adult females have olivaceous brown upperparts with a grayish tinge on the crown and nape and a somewhat duskier tail. Their wings are olivaceous brown. Their throat is whitish and the rest of their underparts olive-buff.<p>Males of subspecies M. b. yavii are darker than the nominate. Females have dark olive-buff flanks and crissum. Males of subspecies M. b. camanii are intermediate between the nominate and yavii. Females have somewhat less brown underparts than the nominate. Subspecies M. b. inornata is larger than the nominate. Males are darker with a wider black area on the throat. Females have rufescent brown upperparts and an olivaceous brown crissum.
分类信息
The plain-winged antwren has these four subspecies:<p>The plain-winged antwren, the Alagoas antwren (M. snowi), the unicolored antwren (M. unicolor), and the Yungas antwren (M. grisea) appear to form a monophyletic group with similar vocalizations and habitat requirements.<p>The plain-winged antwren's specific epithet honors Wilhelm Friedrich Georg Behn.
- 学名
- Myrmotherula behni
- 命名信息
- Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Myrmotherula
分布与栖息地
The plain-winged antwren has a highly disjunct distribution. The subspecies are found thus:<p>The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society has undocumented sight records, presumably of M. b. inornata, in Suriname, and treats the plain-winged antwren as hypothetical in that country. <p>The plain-winged antwren inhabits the understorey to mid-storey of foothill and lower montane evergreen forest. In Ecuador it appears to favor damp ravines with stands of Guadua bamboo. In Venezuela and Brazil it ranges between elevations of 1,000 and 1,850 m (3,300 and 6,100 ft), in Colombia between 1,200 and 1,800 m (3,900 and 5,900 ft), and in Ecuador mostly between 800 and 1,600 m (2,600 and 5,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The plain-winged antwren is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The plain-winged antwren's diet is not known in detail but is probably mostly mostly insects and spiders. It forages singly, in pairs, or in family groups, and almost always as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It feeds mostly between about 1 and 3 m (3 and 10 ft) above the ground where the understorey is dense, and between 4 and 10 m (10 and 30 ft) where it is more open. It actively seeks prey especially among dead leaves and also from live leaves, stems, and branches, mostly by reaching, hanging, lunging, and occasionally by fluttering out from a perch.<p>Nothing is known about the plain-winged antwren's breeding biology.<p>The plain-winged antwren's song is a "series of high, simple, slightly downslurred 'tiuw' notes". Its calls include "a sharp 'sweeík' and a more nasal 'kyunh' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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A chunky-billed brown finch with an electric-red rump, red tail, and red hood that extends from the throat to the nape; the hood of the male is larger than the female’s and extends down the flanks. Juvenile is duller than the adult. A secretive and uncommon resident restricted to Upper Guinea, found in pairs in swamp forest, scrub near creeks, and thickets near water in primary and secondary forest; also sometimes in cultivation. Song is a variable series of buzzes and whistles, and call is a strident “tsut…tsut.” Male Black-bellied Seedcracker differs from Crimson by having a black (not brown) back and belly; females and juveniles are almost identical but only overlap in eastern Ivory Coast.
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Nilgiri Sholakili
Sholicola major
Dumpy little bird, slaty-blue with a tan belly. Highly restricted and scattered range in the Nilgiri Hills, where it is found at 900-2100 meters of elevation in sholas (patches of stunted montane forest separated by open grassy areas). Shy and retiring, foraging primarily on the ground and in dense undergrowth. Song is surprisingly long-winded for such a small bird and is composed of high warbling notes and buzzy whistles.
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