Chaco Earthcreeper
Tarphonomus certhioides
Small earthcreeper with long tail and curved bill. Inhabits the ground and low vegetation in dense Chaco spiny woodlands and shrubby slopes, where it generally forages alone. Both sexes have uniform orangish-brown plumage. Note the white throat and the dark supercilium. Feeds on small insects and caterpillars gleaned out of the ground. Voice is a series of 5–10 loud notes increasing in volume.
识别特征
The Chaco earthcreeper is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long and weighs 18 to 31 g (0.63 to 1.09 oz). It is a small earthcreeper with a long and very slightly decurved bill. The sexes' plumages are alike. Adults of the nominate subspecies have an indistinct orange-rufous supercilium on a mostly dark brown face. Their forehead is dull orange-rufous, their crown and back dull dark brown, and their rump and uppertail coverts somewhat rufescent brown. Their tail is generally dull brown with progressively more rufous from the central to the outermost feathers. Their wings are slightly more rufous brown than the back with rufous bases on the flight feathers. Their throat and cheeks are white. Their breast and belly are brown and their flanks and undertail coverts rufescent. Their iris is brown, their maxilla blackish to dark gray, their mandible slate gray to pinkish gray, and their legs and feet blackish to dark gray. Juveniles have an overall rufous tinge but their forehead is less rufous than adults'.<p>Subspecies T. c. luscinia has grayer (less rufescent) upperparts, more rufous on the wings, and paler underparts than the nominate. T. c. estebani has a paler back, a duller breast and belly, and no rufescent tinge on the flanks compared to the nominate.
分类信息
The Chaco earthcreeper has at times been placed in genera Ochetorhynchus and Upucerthia but since the early 2000s has been placed in its current Tarphonomus. It has at times been considered conspecific with the other member of Tarphonomus, the Bolivian earthcreeper (T. harterti). The two of them are sisters to the rusty-winged barbtail (Premnornis guttuliger), and these three are in turn sisters to the tuftedcheeks of genus Pseudocolaptes.<p>The Chaco earthcreeper has three subspecies, the nominate T. c. certhoides (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838), T. c. luscinia (Burmeister, 1860), and T. c. estebani (Wetmore & Peters, JL, 1949).
- 学名
- Tarphonomus certhioides
- 命名信息
- (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Tarphonomus
分布与栖息地
Subspecies T. c. estebani of the Chaco earthcreeper is found in Santa Cruz Department in south central Bolivia, in northern Argentina, and in western Paraguay. T. c. luscinia is found in the western Argentina provinces of San Juan, La Rioja, Córdoba, Mendoza, and San Luis. The nominate T. c. certhoides is found in northeastern Argentina from Río Negro Province north to Formosa Province. It has also occurred once in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.<p>Subspecies T. c. estebani and T. c. certhoides of the Chaco earthcreeper inhabit dense scrublands and deciduous woodland in the Chaco Basin, especially areas with terrestrial bromeliads. T. c. luscinia inhabits slopes with dense shrubs in the Andean foothills. In elevation the species occurs up to 1,800 m (5,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Chaco earthcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The Chaco earthcreeper feeds on arthropods. It usually forages alone, gleaning prey from the ground and possibly from low vegetation.<p>The Chaco earthcreeper breeds during the austral summer. It is thought to be monogamous. It builds a stick nest in a bush or tree, in a cavity in a tree, rock face, or old building, or in an old nest of a Furnarius hornero. It pads the floor of the nest with softer material such as hair, grass, and other plant fibers. The clutch size is three or four eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The Chaco earthcreeper's song is "a series of 5–15 loud, squeaky penetrating 'chiqui' notes that increase in intensity [and] descend in pitch". Its call is "a loud whistled 'tééoo' or 'tuéét' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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White-bellied Minivet
Pericrocotus erythropygius
A beautiful minivet inhabiting open, dry scrub and savanna with scattered acacia (Prosopis) growth. The male has a glossy black upper body, face, and neck. The breast region has a round orange patch, with the rest of the underparts white. The tail is black, with an orange rump and white markings on the wings. The plumage of the male of this bird is reminiscent of breeding male stonechats. The female is duller in appearance, with dark gray upperparts, black wings, a black tail, and dark black lores. The wings have white markings similar to the males’, and the rump is orange. The species usually moves in small groups, feeding mainly on insects.
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