Golden Tanager
Tangara arthus
Small tanager found in Andean foothills and subtropical zone from Venezuela to Bolivia. Mostly bright golden-yellow with isolated black ear patch, streaked back, and mostly black wings and tail. Some variation among populations, with northernmost birds showing a chestnut breast band and flanks. Sexes alike; young birds duller yellow. One of the most common tanagers in mixed flocks from around 900–2,200 m, in cloud forest, edges, and gardens.
分类信息
The golden tanager was first described as Tangara Arthus by René Lesson in 1840 on the basis of a specimen from Caracas, Venezuela. The generic name Tangara comes from the Tupí word tangara, meaning dancer. The specific name arthus is in honor of Arthus Bertrand, a French bookseller. Golden tanager is the official common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). Other names for the species include "chestnut-breasted tanager".<p>The golden tanager is one of 27 species in the genus Tangara. Within the genus, it is part of a species group with the blue-whiskered tanager, green-and-gold tanager, emerald tanager, silver-throated tanager, saffron-crowned tanager, golden-eared tanager, and flame-faced tanager. In the group, it is sister to a clade formed by the emerald and silver-throated tanagers. This placement is supported by mitochondrial DNA evidence. The following cladogram shows phylogenetic relationships within the species group based on the above study:<p>There are nine recognized subspecies of the golden tanager. The subspecies are differentiated by differences in their appearance and their distribution. All the subspecies excluding arthus are sometimes separated into a distinct species, Tangara aurulenta, on the basis of differences in plumage.
- 学名
- Tangara arthus
- 命名信息
- Lesson, RP, 1832
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thraupidae
- 属
- Tangara
分布与栖息地
The golden tanager is found in the Venezuelan Coastal Range in Venezuela and in the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia at elevations of 700–2,500 m (2,300–8,200 ft), but is most common at elevations of 1,000–1,500 m (3,300–4,900 ft). It inhabits humid montane evergreen forest, as well as forest edges and nearby secondary growth.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Chestnut-bellied Starling
Lamprotornis pulcher
A chunky, short-tailed, colorful savanna starling. Adults have a mostly brown head, a dark green hood and upperparts, and a rufous belly. There is a pale buffy patch in the underwing that is conspicuous in flight. Immatures are duller, with completely pale, buffy underparts. Found in dry savanna and thorn scrub, usually in small flocks, sometimes with other species of starlings. The common call is a short descending trill with a vibrating quality.
Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet
Tyrannulus elatus
Small, small-billed flycatcher usually found in the canopy. Yellow belly with gray head and pale whitish eyebrow. Bold white wingbars. Namesake yellow crown is only sometimes visible. Sexes alike. Voice is the most obvious identification feature: listen for plaintive whistled song, “dee-DEER!” Seen singly or in pairs, usually in open forested habitats such as edges or second growth.
Gray-headed Elaenia
Myiopagis caniceps
Small flycatcher found in humid forest in lowlands and lower mountain slopes. Male is gray with paler underparts and dark wings with white wingbars. Female looks quite different with olive upperparts and yellowish underparts. She is very similar to Forest Elaenia, but has a paler and cleaner (not mottled) breast. Gray-headed Elaenia is also very similar to Amazonian Elaenia, but note its more southerly range. In areas where their ranges meet, identification may have to be confirmed by voice, though Gray-headed Elaenia usually shows a contrasting pale white or yellow eye. Typical song is a rapid, slightly descending trill, often preceded by one or more clear whistles. Usually stays high in the forest, often in the canopy.
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