Bahama Nuthatch
Sitta insularis
Endemic to Grand Bahama Island, where it is the only nuthatch, though now extremely rare and possibly extinct. Active in crowns of pines and hard to see clearly. Small with a long, pointed bill. Also look for brown cap, gray upperparts, and creamy-whitish underparts. Listen for short sputtering trills and high-pitched squeaks.
识别特征
It has some notable differences from its closest relative, the brown-headed nuthatch (S. pusilla), including a darker brown facial stripe, a longer bill, shorter wings, and a unique warbling call.
分类信息
It was previously considered a subspecies of the brown-headed nuthatch by most taxonomic authorities. A 2020 study found further evidence for it being a distinct species, finding significant vocal differences based on voice recordings and a notable genetic difference from the brown-headed nuthatch that was even larger than that of some birds unanimously considered distinct species from their mainland relatives, such as the Bahama warbler (Setophaga flavescens) compared the yellow-throated warbler (S. dominica). The International Ornithological Congress has since reclassified it as a distinct species.<p>Some previous studies considered it a subspecies of S. pusilla based on the fact that the species was only ever historically known from Grand Bahama, which only separated from the Abacos about 2,500 years ago, which would indicate they only ever colonized Grand Bahama and was too recent for total speciation to occur. However, later research using genetic markers indicates that both species likely diverged around 685,000 years ago and late Pleistocene fossil remains of S. insularis from Abaco and Long Island have since been described, indicating that it likely had a much wider distribution across the Bahamas until for unknown reasons, it was restricted to Grand Bahama by the Holocene.
- 学名
- Sitta insularis
- 命名信息
- Bond, J, 1931
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Sittidae
- 属
- Sitta
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Cisticola ayresii
Tiny, short-tailed, streaky, brown cisticola. Has a longer tail in non-breeding plumage. Found in grassland and marsh. Usually seen when doing a flight display over its breeding habitat. The display consists of whistled notes, which can be down-then-up or on an even pitch, interspersed with wing snaps, which sometimes continue as the bird dives to the ground. Very similar to other small, short-tailed cisticolas, especially in non-breeding plumage. Best distinguished by voice.
Olive Whistler
Pachycephala olivacea
Heavily built brownish songbird found in dense wet forests of southeastern Australia and Tasmania. Gray head and white throat contrast with greenish back; pale gray breast band separates white throat from rich olive-brown belly. Much larger than Golden Whistler (which has a yellow undertail area, less distinct throat patch). Many different calls, all with loud clear whistles delivered in slow, smooth manner.
White-necked Rockfowl
Picathartes gymnocephalus
A bizarre and unique ground-loving bird, large but slender, with long legs, tail, and neck and extensive yellow facial skin with large dark brown patches behind the eyes resembling earmuffs. Resident in lowland forest, hill forest, and secondary scrub where there are large boulders and caves inside the forest for them to use for nesting and roosting. Forages in pairs or groups on the forest floor, bouncing effortlessly through the undergrowth on strong legs and returning to rocks most nights to roost communally. Mostly silent, but makes low clucking and other soft contact calls.
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