Spur-winged Lapwing
Vanellus spinosus
This medium-large plover is often locally abundant, noisy, and easy to identify. Its plumage is a striking combination of black, white, and brown. It is very vocal, producing a piercing and repeated “sik-sik-sik…” call. It is found around wetlands, but also away from water in cultivated areas and even suburbia and urban settings. It forages mainly for arthropods, but also small reptiles and amphibians. Lays its eggs on the ground, and is often very aggressive against invaders to its territory, be it a crow or a falcon. Also active at night.
识别特征
These are conspicuous and unmistakable birds. They are medium-large waders with black crown, chest, foreneck stripe and tail. The face, the rest of the neck and belly are white and the wings and back are light brown. The bill and legs are black. Its striking appearance is supplemented by its noisy nature, with a loud did-he-do-it call. The bird's common name refers to a small claw or spur hidden in each of its wings.
分类信息
The spur-winged lapwing was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with the plovers in the genus Charadrius and coined the binomial name Charadrius spinosus. He specified the type locality as Egypt. The specific epithet is from Latin meaning "thorny" (from spina meaning "thorn"). Linnaeus based his account on a description by the Swedish naturalist Fredrik Hasselquist that had been published in 1757. The spur-winged lapwing is now one of 23 species placed in the genus Vanellus that was introduced in 1760 by the French naturalist Mathurin Jacques Brisson. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Vanellus spinosus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Charadriidae
- 属
- Vanellus
分布与栖息地
The spur-winged lapwing breeds around the eastern Mediterranean, and in a wide band from sub-Saharan west Africa to Arabia. The Greek and Turkish breeders are migratory, but other populations are resident. The species is declining in its northern range, but is abundant in much of tropical Africa, being seen at almost any wetland habitat in its range. The spur-winged lapwing is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds applies.[citation needed]<p>In eastern and southern Africa the species has seen a range increase, entering Zambia for the first time in 1999 and spreading south and west.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
This species has a preference for marshes and similar freshwater wetland habitats. The food of the spur-winged lapwing is insects and other invertebrates, which are picked from the ground.<p>It lays four blotchy yellowish eggs on a ground scrape. The spur-winged lapwing is known to sometimes use the wing-claws in an attack on animals and, rarely, people, who get too close to the birds' exposed offspring.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Dulit Frogmouth
Batrachostomus harterti
Large frogmouth of Borneo’s central mountains. Inhabits foothill forest (typically 600–1230 m). Heavyset, with a whiskered face and bright white spots on the wings. Similar Large Frogmouth is generally found at lower elevations; Dulit has broader (as opposed to Large’s sharply triangular) white wing spots, strong pale barring on the throat, and overall darker coloration. Song is a low, resonant, melancholy-sounding “hooooo’m”; call consists of barks, typically given in pairs: “woo’WUP!”.
Great Snipe
Gallinago media
Slightly bigger and stockier than Common Snipe, with a long and thick bill, heavily barred belly and contrasting upperwing pattern with dark underwings. Flushes at close range; escape flight is usually slow and short. Typically quiet and silent. Breeds in remote wet meadows or in mountain bogs where males lek (display together). Usually found at marshes on migration; autumn migrants make a direct nonstop flight to tropical African wintering grounds.
Eleonora's Falcon
Falco eleonorae
Strikingly long-winged and long-tailed elegant falcon with dark underwing coverts. Two plumage morphs: dark morph is uniformly dark while pale morph has white cheeks and a chestnut belly streaked with black. Juveniles resemble juvenile Eurasian Hobby but with contrasting underwing pattern. Graceful, relaxed flight may resemble a jaeger (skua), and is capable of similar turns of speed. Specializes on hunting migratory birds. Breeds on coastal cliffs and islands.
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