Saturnine Antshrike
Thamnomanes saturninus
Fairly small antshrike. Males are dark gray with a black throat. Females are tinged brown above and tawny below with a contrasting whitish throat. Found in the understory of lowland humid forest. Often leads mixed-species flocks; occasionally attends army-ant swarms. Sings a series of gradually ascending notes that ends with a harsh final note. Similar to Cinereous Antshrike, which can occur in the same flocks, but differs in throat color and in song.
识别特征
The saturnine antshrike is 13.5 to 14.5 cm (5.3 to 5.7 in) long and weighs 19 to 21 g (0.67 to 0.74 oz). Adult males of the nominate subspecies have darkish gray upperparts with a white patch between their scapulars. Their wings are darkish gray with white edges to feathers at the bend and white tips on the coverts. Their tail is darkish gray with small white tips on the feathers. Their throat and upper breast are black and the rest of their underparts darkish gray with usually some white edges on the belly feathers. Adult females have olive-brown upperparts with a rufescent tinge. Their wings and tail are rufous. Their throat is white, their breast olive, and the rest of their underparts deep tawny-buff. Males of subspecies T. s. huallagae have less black on their throat than the nominate; females have gray spots on their throat and a darker breast than the nominate.>
分类信息
The saturnine antshrike was described by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1868 and given the binomial name Thamnophilus saturninus. During the twentieth century several authors placed it in genus Dysithamnus and treated it and what is now the dusky-throated antshrike (T. ardesiacus) as conspecific. The two now are considered a superspecies.<p>The saturnine antshrike has two subspecies, the nominate T. s. saturninus (Pelzeln, 1868) and T. s. huallagae (Cory, 1916).
- 学名
- Thamnomanes saturninus
- 命名信息
- (Pelzeln, 1868)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Thamnomanes
分布与栖息地
Subspecies T. s. huallagae of the saturnine antshrike is the more western of the two. It is found south of the Amazon and Marañón rivers in northeastern Peru and into southwestern Amazonian Brazil's Acre state. The nominate subspecies is found in south-central Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon from Acre east to the Tapajós and Teles Pires rivers and south to Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso, and into extreme northeastern Bolivia. The species primarily inhabits the understorey of terra firme evergreen forest and occurs less often in várzea forest. In elevation it occurs mostly below 300 m (1,000 ft) but reaches 650 m (2,100 ft) in Bolivia.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The saturnine antshrike is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The saturnine antshrike's diet includes insects and probably other arthropods. It mostly forages singly, in pairs, and family groups and usually as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It typically forages between about 1 and 4 m (3 and 13 ft) above the ground. It usually captures prey with a sally from a perch to foliage and stems, and sometimes from trunks or the ground. It sometimes attends army ant swarms.<p>The santunine antshrike's nesting season has not been detailed but includes August. One nest was a cup attached between two limbs of a sapling about 3 m (10 ft) above the ground. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The saturnine antshrike's song is an "accelerated, ascending series of notes, at first grating, then gradually changing to sharp and piercing". Its calls include a "short 'chirr' ", a "downslurred rasp", and an "abrupt, clearer note".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Pectoral Antwren
Herpsilochmus pectoralis
Attractive small antwren. Males are gray with a black crown and a diagnostic black patch on the chest; females have a cinnamon head and underparts and brownish upperparts. Inhabits deciduous forest, gallery forest, and caatinga woodland, where it forages from the understory to the canopy, often accompanying mixed-species flocks. The song is a rapid rising series of slightly harsh “caa” notes.
Tasmanian Thornbill
Acanthiza ewingii
Small bird with thin pointed bill. Upperparts brown, underparts grayish brown, with dark red eye, reddish-brown forehead, and pale gray throat with indistinct streaking. Similar Brown Thornbill has shorter tail, grayer flanks, and a pale instead of rufous-brown wing panel. Endemic to Tasmania, where found in wet forests with well-developed shrub layer.
Black-headed Bunting
Emberiza melanocephala
Large, stocky bunting. On breeding males, the combination of a black head, a bright yellow collar, yellow underparts, and rusty-brown back is unmistakable. The black on the face of nonbreeding males is restricted to the patch around the eyes forming a “bandit’s mask.” Female is plain brown overall with a pale yellowish wash on the vent and traces of yellow on the rump. Extremely similar to female Red-headed Bunting; best to use a combination of various details to separate the two, with the Red-headed Bunting having a yellower rump and belly, a more noticeably streaked crown, and a bulkier bill than Black-headed Bunting. Breeds in open forests, edges, and patchily planted areas like orchards and gardens. Winters in farmland. Song is a rather lacklustre series of buzzy notes. Calls are varied and include sparrowlike chirps and high thin “tseep’s.”
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