Large-billed Antwren
Herpsilochmus longirostris
Small active antwren of the middle to upper levels of woodlands and dry forests. Males are gray with a black cap, a black white-tipped tail, and black wings with white bars. Differs from male of Black-capped Antwren in having gray spots on the otherwise pale breast. Females are very different from Black-capped Antwren in having a rufous head, breast, and belly.
识别特征
The large-billed antwren is 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long and weighs 12 to 14 g (0.42 to 0.49 oz). As its English name and specific epithet imply, its bill is heavier than those of most other Herpsilochmus antwrens. Adult males have a black crown and nape, a long whitish supercilium, a narrow black streak through the eye, and grayish ear coverts. Their back and rump are gray with a black and white patch between the scapulars and white-tipped black uppertail coverts. Their wings are black with white-tipped coverts and flight feathers with white edges towards the end. Their innermost tail feathers are black with white edges, the outermost entirely white, and those in between black with white tips. Their throat and underparts are mostly white with tiny black spots on the sides of the breast and grayish sides and flanks. Adult females have a rufous-cinnamon crown, cinnamon-tinged gray ear coverts and upperparts, and cinnamon neck, throat, and underparts. Their wings and tail are like the male's.
分类信息
The large-billed antwren was described by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1868 and given its current binomial name Herpsilochmus longirostris. Its relationship to others of its genus is unclear but it apparently is most closely related to the pectoral antwren (H. pectoralis), and at least one author has considered them to form a superspecies.<p>The large-billed antwren is monotypic.
- 学名
- Herpsilochmus longirostris
- 命名信息
- Pelzeln, 1868
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Herpsilochmus
分布与栖息地
The large-billed antwren is found south of most of Amazonia. It occurs in the northern parts of Bolivia's Beni and Santa Cruz departments and in south-central to northeastern Brazil. Its Brazilian range is roughly bounded by the states of Mato Grosso, Tocantins, and Paraná though it is found locally as far northeast as southern Ceará and Piauí. It inhabits deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, gallery forest, and palm groves, and does not favor any particular level of the forest. In Bolivia it also often inhabits small patches of forest in otherwise open cerrado. In elevation it ranges from about 150 to 1,100 m (500 to 3,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The large-billed antwren is thought to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The large-billed antwren's diet has not been detailed but includes insects and probably spiders. It forages singly, in pairs, and in family groups, and often as a member of a mixed-species feeding flock. It typically feeds between 1.5 and 10 m (5 and 35 ft) above the ground and sometimes as high as 15 m (50 ft). It forages actively and methodically, and usually captures prey by gleaning from leaves, stems, and vines by reaching and sometimes lunging from a perch. It also makes short sallies to access leaves and occasionally takes prey from atop leaf litter on the ground. It is not known to follow army ants.<p>The large-billed antwren's breeding season has not been fully defined but appears to span September to December in western Brazil. One nest was a small cup made of leaves, fungal filaments, and plant fibers placed 1.5 m (5 ft) above the ground in a small tree. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The large-billed antwren's song is a "high, fast, chattering series, rising at start, descending and decelerating at end". Typically the male sings and the female quickly answers. Its calls include a "a rapidly delivered triplet in which notes become shorter and drop in pitch" and an "abrupt downslurred note" like that of several other members of its genus.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Stark's Lark
Spizocorys starki
A pallid, medium-small, compact lark with a pale stout bill that appears swollen and a streaky crest that is often raised. The upperparts are sandy brown with indistinct dark streaks, the face is plain with a distinct eyebrow, and the breast shows very diffuse streaking on whitish underparts. Highly nomadic; small to very large flocks can appear after rains, sometimes associating with sparrow-larks or buntings, preferring arid grasslands on plains and gravel rather than sandy substrates. The species performs an aerial display with trills, whistles, and chirps. Often it rests in shade during the heat of the day with the crest raised, mouth open, eyes half shut, and wings drooped to aid in cooling.
Olivaceous Flycatcher
Fraseria olivascens
A canopy flycatcher, often found high above the ground in areas with continuous forest, away from the forest edge. True to its name, this flycatcher is mostly olive-brown with a pale throat, a pale vent, and dark grayish legs. Distinguished from other African flycatchers by its preference for the canopy, its voice, and its overall indistinct coloration and patterning. Call is a high-pitched rising “tseee!” and the song is a complex jumble of clear whistles and buzzy notes.
Broad-winged Hawk
Buteo platypterus
Rather small, compact hawk; about the size of Red-shouldered Hawk, smaller than Red-tailed Hawk. Adults are solid brown above, barred reddish-brown below with bold black-and-white tail bands. Immatures similar, but with blotchier markings below and thin, diffuse tail bands. Distinctive shape in flight: note the short tail, straight leading edge of wing, and bulging secondaries in flight. Listen for high-pitched, piercing whistle coming from woodlands during breeding season. Known for forming massive flocks called kettles during migration, when it travels from the U.S. and Canada all the way to winter in Central and South America.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。