White-throated Antbird
Oneillornis salvini
Attractive ant-following antbird of mature rainforest. It is an obligate ant-follower, and is usually found in pairs or family groups around army ant swarms. The two sexes are uniquely distinctive: males are gray with a white eyebrow and throat and fine white tail barring; females are rusty orange with faint black patterning and fine black tail barring. While it follows army ant swarms through a variety of mature and secondary rainforest habitats, its territories are usually centered around areas of dense undergrowth within mature rainforest, like in upland ravines and around tree fall gaps. Its song is a distinctive slow, descending series of wheezy whistled notes.
识别特征
The white-throated antbird is 13 to 14.5 cm (5.1 to 5.7 in) long and weighs 22 to 28 g (0.78 to 0.99 oz). Adult males are mostly gray. They have a white supercilium, ear coverts, chin, and throat. Their wings are a darker gray than their back and their tail is barred with blackish gray and white. Adult females have a dark olive-brown center of their crown. Their nape, sides of the head, throat, and upper breast are rufous. Their upper back is olive-brown, the rest of their back is barred with black and rufous, and their rump is reddish yellow-brown. Their flight feathers are mostly rufous and their wing coverts brown with rufous edges. Their tail is rufous with thin black bars. Their lower breast and belly are reddish yellow-brown and their flanks olive-brown. Females in the northern part of the species' range are darker and have heavier bars on their upperparts than in the south but the differences are clinal. Subadult males are dark gray with brown wings and a patchy white throat.
分类信息
The white-throated antbird was described by the German ornithologist Hans von Berlepsch in 1901 and given the binomial name Pithys salvini. It was subsequently included in the genus Gymnopithys until moved to the newly erected genus Oneillornis based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014. It shares the genus with the lunulated antbird (O. lunulatus) with which it has been treated as conspecific. The white-throated antbird is monotypic.
- 学名
- Oneillornis salvini
- 命名信息
- (Berlepsch, 1901)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Oneillornis
分布与栖息地
The white-throated antbird is a bird of the western Amazon Basin. It is found in eastern Peru east of the Rio Ucayali between the Amazon in the north and the Rio Madre de Dios in the south, in southwestern Brazil east to the Rio Madeira and south to Acre state, and in northwestern and central Bolivia to Cochabamba Department. It primarily inhabits humid terra firme evergreen forest and to a lesser extent seasonally flooded forest and the transition zone between the two types. It almost entirely remains in the forest undergrowth. In elevation it occurs below 450 m (1,500 ft) in Brazil but reaches 800 m (2,600 ft) in Peru.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-throated antbird is not known to migrate.<p>The white-throated antbird is an obligate ant follower that feeds on a wide variety of arthropods that flee foraging army ant swarms, such as those of Eciton burchelli and genus Labidus. It typically forages individually, in pairs, and in family groups, perching within about 1 m (3 ft) of the ground though as high as 3 m (10 ft), and sallying or pouncing to the ground after prey. It is dominant over smaller antbirds but subordinate to larger species of other families such as woodcreepers.<p>The white-throated antbird's nesting season has not been detailed but includes at least November in Peru and March in Brazil. Two known nests were made of dried palm frond pieces. One was a cup placed in the hollow atop a palm stump, the other was flatter and placed in a small patch of Heliconia plants. Their clutch size was two eggs which were light pink with maroon speckles. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>One author described the white-throated antbird's song as a "slow, resounding series of 3-4 descending, long, upslurred 'weeih' notes". Another wrote it as "RHEEE?-rheee?-rheee?-rheee?-rhrrrr". Its calls include "a puttering, descending rattle and a rich tchup".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Masked Fruiteater
Pipreola pulchra
Chunky green bird with a broad, blunt bill. Males have a bright orange bill, a blackish face, a yellow-orange necklace that bleeds into the breast, and a yellow lower belly; females are nearly entirely green with faint streaking below and a dull orange bill. Notice the females’ dull olive legs and streaked, not scaled pattern underneath, which distinguish it from the similar, orange-legged female Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater. Perches inconspicuously in the mid-story of humid montane forest, where it is often found around fruiting trees and occasionally joins mixed-species flocks.
Crested Quetzal
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Large trogon, shimmering emerald above with red belly. Male has a puffy tuft of feathers protruding from the forehead and clean white undertail which helps distinguish from similar Golden-headed Quetzal. Female has a brown head and mostly brown belly with a limited amount of green on the chest and red undertail coverts and lower belly. In all plumages, note red eye. Uncommon in subtropical forests and edges, often at slightly lower elevations than Golden-headed, but plenty of overlap. Tends to perch stolidly in the subcanopy and can be difficult to spot. Most often seen in the vicinity of a fruiting tree, singly or in pairs, although sometimes several birds can gather at a food source. Listen for mournful whistled song: “whoo, whoop,” given in widely spaced pairs, with emphasis on second note.
Saffron Siskin
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Rare finch restricted to arid lowlands and foothills of western Ecuador and far northwestern Peru. Plumage is golden with black wings marked with yellow stripes; male has a dark hood. May overlap with the very similar Hooded Siskin in the foothills of the Andes, and birds seen in this region are not always identifiable. Saffron Siskin is slightly brighter on average, and male’s back is cleaner, lacking dusky markings. Usually seen in small flocks that feed mainly on seeds in trees, bushes, and tall grass.
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