Black-throated Antshrike
Frederickena viridis
Large, uncommon antbird of rainforest edge. Shy and difficult to see. Male is uniformly dark; female told by solid rufous cap and back contrasting with barred underparts. Note fierce expression and large, heavy bill. Often in pairs around old treefall gaps, forest edge, and other places with dense understory. Feeds on insects and occasionally follows army ant swarms. Female superficially similar to Fasciated Antshrike but much larger and unbarred above. Song is a slow series of whistles, similar to some calls of Black Nunbird but repeated more regularly.
识别特征
The black-throated antshrike is a large dark antbird, 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in) long and weighing 65 to 75 g (2.3 to 2.6 oz). The species exhibits significant sexual dimorphism, though both sexes have a crest (that usually is flattened), red irises, and a heavy black bill with a hook at the end like true shrikes. Adult males are mostly slate gray with a black head, throat, and breast, a usually hidden small white patch between their scapulars, and faint white bars on their tail. Adult females have a rufous crest, nape, upperparts, and wings. Their forehead, sides of their head, underparts, and tail are barred with pale buff to white and blackish brown; their flanks have a rufous tinge. Subadult males have mixed gray and brown upperparts and underparts like adult females'.
分类信息
The black-throated antshrike shares genus Frederickena with the undulated antshrike (F. unduliger) and fulvous antshrike (F. fulva). It is monotypic.
- 学名
- Frederickena viridis
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1816)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Frederickena
分布与栖息地
The black-throated antshrike is found from eastern Bolívar state in Venezuela east through the Guianas and through northeastern Amazonian Brazil north of the Amazon from the lower Rio Negro east to the Atlantic in Amapá. It inhabits lowland evergreen forest, typically those on sandy soils and in terra firme. It favors dense vegetation in the understorey, especially at openings such as those formed by fallen trees. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 700 m (2,300 ft) in most of its range but only to 500 m (1,600 ft) in Venezuela.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-throated antshrike is presumed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black-throated antshrike's diet has not been detailed but is known to include large insects and other arthropods. It forages singly or in pairs, mostly low to the ground or on it in dense foliage and vine tangles. It hops deliberately from branch to branch and along the ground, reaching or jumping from a perch to glean prey from leaves, stems, branches, leaf litter, and rotten logs. It occasionally follows army ant swarms to catch prey disturbed by the ants.<p>The black-throated antshrike breeds between October and March in Suriname but its season is not known elsewhere. The one known nest was a basket suspended in a branch fork in a low shrub. It contained two eggs that were creamy white with purplish markings. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The black-throated antshrike's song is a "slow series of 10-15 first rising, then leveling out, fluted 'tuh' notes" that span six to seven seconds. It has also been described as "a slow, almost hypnotic [series] of clear, insistent whistles, peeeur, peeeur, peeur... at a steady pace". Its call is "a long (e.g. 1 second), nasal, downward-inflected churr".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Yellow-fronted White-eye
Zosterops flavifrons
Small. Greenish-yellow above and brighter yellow below, with a broad, bold white eye-ring. Mostly inhabits forested areas, but common in open scrub and gardens. Silvereye is similar but has a dark gray back and peachy-buff underparts. Yellow-fronted’s common call is a high-pitched “tzeep-tzeep,” repeated frequently.
Inambari Gnatcatcher
Polioptila attenboroughi
Recently described, inconspicuous and rarely seen bird of rainforest canopy. Small and slender with a long tail; mostly dark gray with a broken white eyering, white belly, and white outer tail feathers. Inhabits canopy of tall forest, especially in regions with sandy soils. Usually seen with mixed-species flocks as it forages actively in outer foliage, sallying for insects and gleaning from leaves, moving long tail from side to side like other gnatcatchers. Thin and indistinct call notes are easily overlooked among calls of other species in flocks, but distinctive shape, active behavior, and long tail with extensive white should clinch identification. Extremely similar to other gnatcatchers of the Guianan Gnatcatcher complex, but no overlap in range. Distinguished from Tropical Gnatcatcher by uniform gray body plumage and lack of a black cap, and from Tooth-billed Wren by slimmer shape and smaller size, lacking any black barring in the plumage.
Pearly-bellied Seedeater
Sporophila pileata
Very small finchlike bird with a short bill. Inhabits savannas and grasslands, where it often joins flocks of other seedeater species. Males are mostly gray-brown with a hint of cinnamon and have a black cap, wings and tail. Females are brown above and pale below, and are very similar to female Copper Seedeaters, but are grayer than that species.
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