White-throated Spadebill
Platyrinchus mystaceus
Tiny bird of forest undergrowth, named for exceptionally broad bill (difficult to see). Very small and short-tailed. Brown above and pale below, with black pattern on cheek. Yellow crown difficult to see. Sexes alike. Gives a single squeaky call and an ascending trill. Usually seen singly or in pairs, always in the lower levels of the forest. Inconspicuous.
识别特征
The adult white-throated spadebill is 3.8 inches (9.7 cm) long, weighs 0.33 oz (9.4 g), and has large eyes and a very short tail. The large head is distinctively marked, with a long yellowish supercilium, blackish ear coverts, yellow eyering, and a black stripe down each side of the neck. The crown has a concealed yellow crest, which is erected as a fan by the singing male. The upperparts are dark olive brown, and the underparts are buff apart from the white throat. The bill is black above and brown below, and is very broad and flat, hence the English and scientific names "spadebill" and Platyrinchus.<p>Sexes are similar, other than the female having a smaller crown patch, but young birds are brighter and ruddier above, lack the crown patch, and have a grey throat and breast shading to a whitish belly. They are not particularly vocal but have a sharp chweet call.<p>The subspecies Platyrinchus mystaceus insularis occurs only in Trinidad, Tobago and in Venezuela, other forms differing in the brightness of the underparts or the crown colour. The taxonomy of this species is uncertain, with some dubious subspecies, but also the possibility that what is usually treated as the white-throated spadebill consists of more than one species.
分类信息
Genus: Platyrinchus; Family: Tyrannidae; Order: Passeriformes.
- 学名
- Platyrinchus mystaceus
- 命名信息
- Vieillot, 1818
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Tyrannidae
- 属
- Platyrinchus
分布与栖息地
The white-throated spadebill breeds from Costa Rica through South America to western Ecuador, Brazil, and northeastern Argentina. It also occurs on both Trinidad and Tobago. This bird was recently found to be far more common on the Amazonian slope of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental than it was believed in the 20th century. It is not rare in its wide range, and thus not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.<p>This species is found in wet hill forests and will to some extent use secondary forest and other disturbed habitat. It likes habitat with thick, tangled undergrowth and medium-sized trees with a canopy height of 33–100 ft (10–30 m) such as Elaeagia (Rubiaceae) and Hieronyma oblonga (Phyllanthaceae), overgrown with epiphytes and hemiepiphytes (e.g. Clusiaceae).<p>White-throated spadebills are solitary active birds, difficult to see as they move rapidly through the undergrowth in search of small arthropods, their mainstay food. These are taken with a sudden upward-darting sally flight and audible bill-snap from under the foliage, or less often from mid-air. This species occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks.<p>The deep cup nest is made of dead grass and plant fibres and placed low in a sapling. The typical clutch is two yellow-tinged white eggs with a rufous wreath.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Pied Honeyeater
Certhionyx variegatus
Medium-sized honeyeater with long decurved bill, nomadic across arid and semi-arid inland Australia. Male black with white belly, wing patches, and tail panels; distinctive patch of blue skin beneath eye. Female and juvenile plain brown, with subtly patterned wings and faint speckles on chest. This species wanders in search of flowering shrubs and can be absent one year, common in large flocks the next. Much larger than Black Honeyeater (which has completely black upperparts). Calls include a slowly whistled phrase of several notes.
Gray-backed Cisticola
Cisticola subruficapilla
Medium-sized, streak-backed cisticola of uplands. Varies geographically: gray-backed and streak-breasted in the south, and rufous-backed and plain-breasted in the north. Found in fynbos and karoo habitats, usually in areas with a mix of rocks, shrubs, and grass. Generally inconspicuous; seen singly or in pairs. Song is a short, explosive, accelerating trill. Calls include a rising, two-part “chu-cheee”. Very similar to Wailing Cisticola, but has a different voice, a smaller bill, less buffy underparts, and doesn’t show rufous in the wing.
Blue-fronted Redstart
Phoenicurus frontalis
Male is unmistakable, with his orange breast, belly, and tail and ultramarine-blue head and back. Female is brown with no wingbars and an orange tail and lower belly; watch out for the unique upside-down black ‘T’ on her tail. The species breeds in brushy open subalpine areas and winters in foothills in scrubby areas, field edges, and gardens. Like many other redstarts, often perches visibly, bobbing tail up and down. Song is a series of pleasant warbles and bubbly buzzing. Calls include a distinctive wet ticking, often preceded by a quiet whistled note.
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