Ampay Tapaculo
Scytalopus whitneyi
Dark gray tapaculo with a pale eyebrow known only from a few sites in the eastern Andes of southern Peru. While long known to be something different, it was finally described as a new species in 2020. Rump, tail, and lower underparts are brownish and faintly barred, though this is often hard to see in the field. The pale eyebrow is a good feature, but it is very inconspicuous on some birds, and ID is best confirmed by voice. Song is a slow, steady series of inflected chirps that may go on for a minute, and the notes sometimes have a buzzy quality. Inhabits high elevation forest and scrub near and above tree line. Stays low and often hops on the ground.
识别特征
Like all members of genus Scytalopus, the Ampay tapaculo is a small, plump, dull-colored bird. It is about 10 to 11 cm (3.9 to 4.3 in) long. Five males weighed about 16 g (0.56 oz) and one female weighed 14.2 g (0.50 oz). The male is generally dusky gray, with a darker face and a lighter crown that presents as a pale eyebrow, and a lighter throat. It has brown to tawny tips on the wing feathers and faint dark yellowish brown bands on the tail. The flanks have ochre-tawny and dusky bars. The single female specimen shows dark reddish brown upperparts with blackish bars on the lower back and rump. It has a prominent pale supercilium and its throat and breast are a lighter gray than the male's. The lower underparts are buffy brown and the bands on the tail are more prominent than those of the male.
分类信息
The Ampay tapaculo is one of several new tapaculo species first described or split from existing species in 2020. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society accepted it as a new species in July 2020, the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) followed suit in January 2021, and the Clements taxonomy in August 2021. It is monotypic.<p>The species' English name derives from the Bosque Ampay, where early specimens and sound recordings were made. Its specific epithet honors Bret M. Whitney "for his outstanding contributions to Neotropical ornithology", especially those relating to genus Scytalopus.
- 学名
- Scytalopus whitneyi
- 命名信息
- Krabbe, Fjeldså, Hosner, Robbins & Andersen, 2020
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Rhinocryptidae
- 属
- Scytalopus
分布与栖息地
The Ampay tapaculo is endemic to east-central Peru. It is known from several sites in each of two general locations about 100 km (62 mi) apart. One area is in eastern Ayacucho south of the Mantaro River and the other is southeast of it in the Department of Apurímac between the Apurímac and Pampas Rivers. In Ayacucho it mainly inhabits shrubby and bunchgrass landscapes on steep rocky slopes at elevations between 3,500 and 4,200 m (11,500 and 13,800 ft). The trilling tapaculo (S. parvirostris) apparently excludes it from forested areas there. In Apurímac it mostly inhabits montane forest and shrublands, especially Podocarpus and Polylepis forest, at elevations between 3,150 and 4,500 m (10,000 and 15,000 ft).
行为
The Ampay tapaculo forages on the ground by moving among moss, rocks, and clumps of grass and by hopping along branches near the ground. Details of its diet are lacking but it appears to be small arthropods.<p>Very little is known about the Ampay tapaculo's breeding phenology. One nest with two large nestlings was found in late December, and a juvenile was also seen at about that time elsewhere. The nest was deep in a crevice in a boulder field among shrubs and forbs.<p>The Ampay tapaculo's primary song is "a single repeated note, chip, given at a rate of 1.5–2.2...per second for up to 90 seconds or more". The secondary song is "composed of regularly repeated churrs...lasting for up to 60 seconds".[1] The songs differ slightly between the two populations.
照片
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cinnamon-breasted Tody-Tyrant
Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus
A small flycatcher found only on several outlying ridges along the eastern Andes in northern Peru and southern Ecuador. It has a cinnamon breast and throat, a yellowish belly, and buffy “spectacles” that can be inconspicuous on some individuals. Inhabits lower to middle levels of stunted cloud forest, where it can sometimes be hard to spot as it flits from one perch to another in the gloom. Calls include a short, downslurred trill and a series of three to seven sharp squeaks.
White-tailed Alethe
Alethe diademata
A forest skulker with clean-cut pale underparts, a gray wash on the side of the breast and face, and rusty brown upperparts and central crown. The tail has distinctive white tips to the outer feathers. Juvenile is heavily spotted above. A shy and inconspicuous resident in the dense understory of lowland and mid-altitude forest up to 1500 meters, found singly and in pairs; several individuals may follow ant swarms, where they lose their fear of humans. Sings a loud musical 3–4 note “whooo-wheet-whooee” and similar melodic notes; also gives harsh “chht” calls.
Itatiaia Spinetail
Asthenes moreirae
Small, plain, long-billed and long-tailed spinetail with a restricted range. Found in bamboo thickets and clearings in montane forests with grass and shrubs where it forages in the understory. Note the rufous chin contrasting with a dull-brown body. The song is a high-pitched ascending and descending trill.
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