Rufous-winged Fulvetta

Large dotterel endemic to New Zealand. Pale gray-brown above, white to off-white below in non-breeding season. When breeding, underparts are varying levels of orange-red. Southern subspecies is larger and darker than northern subspecies, with more extensive red. Northern breeds on beaches and sandspits around most of the North Island coast, but sparsely on west coast and southern east coast. Many move to estuaries after breeding. Southern breeds only on subalpine habitat of Stewart Island, with some individuals traveling to estuaries and mudflats to feed. Southern winters along estuaries and rivers of Stewart Island and Awarua Bay, Southland; some birds wander farther during winter.

A medium-sized, black-and-white marine shag with a metallic green-and-blue glimmer on the black head, neck, and throat. Note the white wing patches. Breeding birds have a prominent crest and a yellow line above the gape of the long, pointed bill. There is a yellow patch at the base of the bill that fades to a bright red spot. Non-breeding adults lack the crest and plumage fades to brown. Juveniles are similar to adults, but with brown upperparts. Endemic to Campbell Islands and only found in shallow waters nearby. Only resident shag species on Campbell Island.

A spectacular small, short-tailed songbird. Both sexes show a scarlet cap, nape, and rump and contrasting black wings. Male has black cheeks, a red throat with a lower black border, and a black vertical line on the belly, all lacking in females, which are plain whitish below with a wholly red back. Juvenile resembles a pale-billed female, but with red confined to rump. Found in forest, forest edge, and forest patches in lowlands and foothills. Confined to the Lesser Sundas. Red cap and nape diagnostic, separating this bird from Blood-breasted Flowerpecker. Vocalizations include a rising then descending “twitiwee-swit-swit-swoo.” Also gives a high-pitched thin “tzeet” as well as harsher, shorter abrupt “tsik” notes.