Dark-winged Trumpeter
Psophia viridis
Large, odd-looking, charismatic terrestrial species with a small head, long legs, and almost no tail. Body is mostly black, with wing colors varying geographically from green in the west to black in the east. Usually seen in areas of well-protected humid forest and often encountered in noisy groups; usually runs away when discovered. May attend ant-swarms. Song is a loud hum, and calls when agitated are angry, cackling “tset” notes.
识别特征
The dark-winged trumpeter is a chicken-like bird with a long neck and legs and a hump-backed profile. It is 45 to 52 centimetres (18 to 20 in) long. The sexes are alike. Their bill color ranges from dusky brown to bright green and their legs and feet are dusky brown to greenish olive. Adults of the nominate subspecies are mostly velvety blackish with a dark smoky olive-green mantle and wing patch. They have an iridescent purple patch on the lower neck and their outer wing coverts are tipped with iridescent purple. Subspecies P. v. dextralis (including interjecta) has a dark brown mantle and wing patch that is olive green towards the end. It has no iridescence on the neck or wing coverts. P. v. obscura is almost identical to dextralis but has a small amount of purple iridescence on the lower neck and wing coverts.
分类信息
The dark-winged trumpeter's taxonomy is far from settled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) assigns it three subspecies, the nominate P. v. viridis, P. v. dextralis, and P. v. obscura. The Clements taxonomy splits a fourth from dextralis, P. v. interjecta. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats each of the three IOC-recognized subspecies as separate species, the "green-winged", "olive-winged", and "black-winged" trumpeters respectively. HBW includes interjecta as a subspecies of the "olive-winged". Considerable evidence supports the treatment as three species.<p>This article follows the IOC three-subspecies model.
- 学名
- Psophia viridis
- 命名信息
- Spix, 1825
- 目
- Gruiformes
- 科
- Psophiidae
- 属
- Psophia
分布与栖息地
The dark-winged trumpeter is found in the Amazon Basin of Brazil south of the Amazon River. The nominate subspecies is the westernmost, found between the Rio Madeira and the Rio Tapajós. Subspecies P. v. dextralis is found from the Tapajós to the Rio Tocantins. (P. v. dextralis sensu stricto and P. v. interjecta are separated by the Rio Xingu when they are treated as individual subspecies.) P. v. obscura is found from the Tocantins to the Atlantic coast in the state of Pará. Undocumented sight records in northeastern Boliva lead the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to call the species hypothetical in that country.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The dark-winged trumpeter is assumed to be sedentary and territorial like the other trumpeters.<p>The dark-winged trumpeter forages in groups of up to about 20 individuals. Its diet is not known in detail but includes fruit, arthropods, small vertebrates, and carrion. It sometimes follows army ant swarms to capture fleeing prey.<p>Almost nothing is known about the dark-winged trumpeter's breeding biology. Its breeding season appears to include January to April. The other trumpeters are polyandrous and cooperative breeders. They nest in tree holes made by other bird species.<p>All trumpeters are highly vocal. The dark-winged trumpeter's song has been described as "a series of low humming notes, given singly at first and then doubled." It also makes "various harsh, sharp or raucous 'tset' notes" as both contact and alarm calls.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-throated Barbet
Tricholaema melanocephala
A medium-sized black-and-white barbet. Note the boldly striped face and the black throat patch. Found in dry savanna and thornscrub. Similar to Spot-flanked Barbet, but lacks spots on the flanks and has a dark rather than yellow eye. Also similar to Red-fronted Barbet, but lacks a red front, and has a black throat. The common call is a series of several nasal “kya” notes.
Yellow-crowned Manakin
Heterocercus flavivertex
Fairly large, distinctive manakin. Males have olive backs and are rusty colored below, contrasting with a white throat. The yellow crown patch is usually concealed. Females have a gray throat and lack the yellow crown. Found in seasonally flooded forests and adjacent unflooded forests near rivers, including white sand forests. The call is a very thin ascending and descending whistle: “weeee-pítch-ooo.” Females are almost inseparable from females of Flame-crowned Manakin, but there is no range overlap.
Black-faced Cormorant
Phalacrocorax fuscescens
Large black and white cormorant with dark face, white flanks, and black "trousers." Very similar to Pied Cormorant; note present species' black lores and chin. Almost exclusively found in marine environments, and unlikely to be seen away from the ocean.
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