Rufous-capped Nunlet
Nonnula ruficapilla
Fairly small, compact, gray-and-orange bird. Bolder color pattern and gray cheek patch help distinguish it from similar species in its range. Found in dense secondary growth, especially in bamboo thickets. Forages slowly in the under- and midstory, occasionally joining mixed-species flocks, especially to follow army ants. Fairly quiet and unobtrusive, and usually found singly or in pairs. Its song is an even-paced series of rising whistles.
识别特征
The rufous-capped nunlet is about 14 cm (5.5 in) long and weighs 14 to 22 g (0.49 to 0.78 oz). The nominate subspecies has a large rich chestnut crown. The rest of the face, its nape, and the sides of the breast are cold gray. The rest of the upperparts are plain dull brown with some reddish highlights. The chin and breast are reddish orange, the flanks a paler rufous, and the central underparts whitish. The bill is mostly silvery blue, the eye brown with a bare reddish ring around it, and the feet dark brownish gray. N. r. rufipectus has a darker cap and brighter breast than the nominate, N. r. nattereri a darker cap and duller breast, and N. r. inundata is darker and duller than nattereri.
分类信息
These four subspecies of rufous-capped nunlet are generally recognized:<p>The grey-cheeked nunlet (N. frontalis) and brown nunlet (N. brunnea) have sometimes been suggested to be conspecific with the rufous-capped nunlet. Alternatively, one subspecies grey-capped nunlet, N. f. pallescens, has been suggested to instead be a subspecies of rufous-capped nunlet. The rufous-capped, grey-cheeked, and chestnut-headed (N. amaurocephala) nunlets form a superspecies.
- 学名
- Nonnula ruficapilla
- 命名信息
- (Tschudi, 1844)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Bucconidae
- 属
- Nonnula
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of rufous-capped nunlet are distributed thus:<p>The species inhabits the undergrowth and subcanopy of a variety of landscapes, including terra firme, secondary, and transitional forest; forest along rivers and streams, and igapó. It most often associates with bamboo, especially thickets along river edges, but not exclusively. In hilly forested country it is often found along streams.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Specimens of rufous-capped nunlet had insect remains in their stomachs. No other information about its diet or feeding behavior has been published.<p>Nothing is known about the rufous-capped nunlet's breeding phenology.<p>The rufous-capped nunlet's song is a "long series (13–30 notes) of sharp, clear, short, upward-inflected whistles , 'fwick!-fwick!'...the series slightly softer and lower in pitch near beginning and end."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Streaked brown above and yellow below with distinctive black "V" on breast. In flight, short wings and spiky tail with white outer feathers are apparent. Breeds in fields and grasslands throughout much of western North America, regularly as far east as Michigan. Winters in a wider range of open habitats, even agricultural fields and roadsides. Extremely similar to Eastern Meadowlark and best distinguished by voice: listen for musical gurgling song and "chuk" calls. In winter, plumage looks paler and more washed-out than Eastern Meadowlark, with a less contrasting head pattern. Western is also more likely to be in flocks and areas with shorter grass (less pristine, extensive grasslands).
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