Spectacled Eider
Somateria fischeri
This peculiar Arctic sea duck breeds on the tundra in Alaska and far eastern Russia and winters in massive flocks among pack ice in the Bering Sea. Males have a unique olive-green head with white goggles, a dark breast, and a carrot-orange bill. Females are brown overall with pale goggles. Rarely seen away from a few key sites in Alaska, usually in small numbers. Compare with other eider species; even the dullest young females have pale goggle pattern on head.
分类信息
- 学名
- Somateria fischeri
- 命名信息
- (Brandt, JF, 1847)
- 目
- Anseriformes
- 科
- Anatidae
- 属
- Somateria
分布与栖息地
Currently, spectacled eiders occur along the coast of Alaska and easternmost Russia and into the Bering Sea. There are two breeding populations in Alaska and one in Russia. Historically there were more breeding individuals in Alaska but more recently the Russian population is much larger. Currently the United States population is an estimated 3,000–4,000 nesting pairs<p>The spectacled eider molts at sea anywhere from 2 to 45 kilometers (1.2 to 28.0 mi) from the shore and north of 63°N. Since they are rarely seen outside of their breeding grounds, their wintering grounds in the Bering Sea were not known until recently with the help of satellite telemetry in 1995.
- 繁殖区
- NA, PAL : nc, ne Siberia from Lena Delta to Chukotka; w, n Alaska in Yukon Delta and Arctic Coastal Plain
- 非繁殖区
- polynyas (ice-free seas) between St. Lawrence and St. Matthew is. (n Bering Sea)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
The spectacled eider was listed as Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1993 but remains listed as under Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. The Red List keep the listing in this category because the spectacled eider does not meet the range size criterion or the population trend criterion. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service originally listed the spectacled eider as Threatened because of a more than 96% drop in breeding population size in Alaska. With this listing and protection from the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1991, it is illegal to harvest any individuals through either sport or subsistence hunting.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
Small, grayish-olive flycatcher; very similar to several other species. Look for relatively bold white eyeing, small bill, and frequent wing flicking. Most easily identified by voice: song is a loud “che-BEK, che-BEK” often repeated in bursts. Also gives a short, dry “whit” call. Found in a variety of wooded or shrubby habitats, often near water during breeding season. Typically solitary, often flitting around actively when foraging.
Indigo Flowerpiercer
Diglossa indigotica
Small flowerpiercer with restricted range in western Colombia and northwest Ecuador. Entirely ultramarine blue, though can appear dark in poor light. Most distinctive feature is its piercing red eye. Also note the typical flowerpiercer bill: uniquely upswept with a hooked tip. Found in the subtropical zone of the Andes, where singles or pairs forage at all levels of forest and edge, often following mixed-species flocks.
Galapagos Petrel
Pterodroma phaeopygia
Endangered seabird that nests only in Galápagos. Outside the breeding season, it disperses over the eastern Pacific and usually stays far from land. Note distinctive black-and-white pattern on underwing, mostly white underparts, and dark upperparts that extend down through its face to sides of neck; no other seabird found in and near Galápagos shares these features. When seen from above, it appears all dark except for some white around the base of the bill. Almost always encountered at sea, since it travels to and from its highland nesting sites only at night.
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