Yellow-throated Sparrow
Gymnoris xanthocollis
A small, drab, unstreaked sparrow with one, sometimes two prominent white wingbars. Gray-brown above, pale brown to whitish on underparts. Male has an indistinct eyebrow, an inconspicuous pale yellow spot on throat, and light chestnut on shoulders. Juvenile resembles female. The familiar call is a distinctive “chilp” that it gives mostly while perching high. Inhabits light forests, scrub jungles, villages, and cultivated areas.
识别特征
It has a finer bill than typical sparrows of the genus Passer and unlike them has no streaks on the plumage. The white double wing bar on the shoulder is diagnostic on the otherwise dull grey-brown sparrow. Males have a chestnut shoulder patch which can sometimes be hard to see. They also have a pale yellow spot on the throat in fresh plumage. Females are duller and lack the chestnut shoulder patch. The yellow spot is much reduced or lacking in females.<p>This species is tree-loving although sometimes seen on wires and on the ground, where it has a hopping gait. The usual call is a chirrup but the song is distinctive and repetitive chilp chalp cholp. It has a bounding flight and dips deeply before rising up.
分类信息
This species has sometimes been lumped along with the yellow-spotted petronia (Petronia pyrgita) of Africa.<p>Currently, two subspecies are recognized:
- 学名
- Gymnoris xanthocollis
- 命名信息
- (Burton, E, 1838)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Passeridae
- 属
- Gymnoris
分布与栖息地
The chestnut-shouldered petronia is found from Turkey into Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and as a vagrant in Sri Lanka and possibly parts of Myanmar. It is found in forest, gardens and open scrub habitats.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The species breeds in tree hollows from April to July, often making use of the holes made by primary hole-nesting birds such as barbets and woodpeckers. They may also make use of hollows on buildings. The nest is built mainly by the female, but males may sometimes assist. The female alone incubates the eggs, sometimes leaving the nest during the hotter parts of the day. The eggs hatch after about 12 to 14 days.<p>They roost communally in low bushes. Some populations are migratory, moving in response to rains.<p>They feed mainly on grains but also on insects, nectar and berries. An unusual food item is the petals of flowers such as those of Madhuca indica. When they visit flowers such as those of Capparis, Salmalia, Erythrina and Bassia, their foreheads are covered with pollen.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-throated Sunbird
Anthreptes rhodolaemus
Medium-sized sunbird with a fairly straight dark bill. Brightly-colored has an iridescent green back, yellowish belly, and reddish wings, face, and throat. Female is dull brownish yellow overall, with an olive-tinged back and wings. Brown-throated Sunbird is very similar in all plumages; male of that species has more prevalent bluish iridescence and minimal reddish coloration, while female Brown-throated has a slightly narrower eyering (best identified when accompanied by a male though). Where the two overlap, Red-throated tends to be much less common, especially in artificial habitats such as parks and gardens, though it does occur in secondary growth and forest edge, as well as primary growth. Song is a brief series of high thin “tsi-tzee” notes, and calls include various high chips and trills.
Mindanao Lorikeet
Trichoglossus johnstoniae
An uncommon, medium-sized, rather long-tailed parrot of montane forest on Mindanao. Makes daily altitudinal movements. Deep green above and yellowish-green below with green scaling, a red face, a reddish-orange bill, and a black line through the eye and around the back of the head. Overlaps with Mindanao and Blue-crowned Racquet-tails but is smaller, with a reddish face and bill. Voice consists of shrill, high-pitched shrieks.
Lewin's Honeyeater
Meliphaga lewinii
A medium-sized olive-gray honeyeater with a pale yellow cheek patch and a relatively stout bill. Cheek patch is often a crescent compared to the circular patch on Graceful Honeyeater and the oval path on Yellow-spotted Honeyeater. Adults have a bluish eye, while the similar Graceful Honeyeater has a blue-gray eye and Yellow-spotted Honeyeater has a brown eye. Listen for the rapid staccato machine-gun call of Lewin’s compared to the loud repeated whistles of the Yellow-spotted Honeyeater and the more simple, single note call of Graceful Honeyeater. Of the three easily confusable species, this is the only one found away from the tropics; it occurs in wetter forests and gardens all along the eastern coast of Australia.
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