Olive-crowned Crescentchest
Melanopareia maximiliani
Spectacular but reclusive bird, most often located by its distinctive voice. In N end of range (to NW Bolivia) lives in thick grassy hillsides and Polylepis forest in the high Andes. S of Bolivia, in W Paraguay to central Argentina, expands into Chaco forest in lowlands, where it prefers thorn forest with dense understory. Song an evenly pitched series of metallic or dry notes. Population in central Argentina differs vocally, with a much faster song.
识别特征
The olive-crowned crescentchest is 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Males weigh 17.1 to 18.0 g (0.60 to 0.63 oz), one female weighed 16.7 g (0.59 oz), and unsexed specimens weighed 16.9 to 18.2 g (0.60 to 0.64 oz). The nominate subspecies' crown and upperparts are olive-brown, the throat deep buff, and the chest and belly ochraceous. It has a narrow buff supercilium with a black mask below and a black crescent and chesnut band between the throat and chest. M. m. argentina is similar but has paler underparts. M. m. pallida is paler still, its throat is more cinnamon than buff, and the facial mask is a lighter black.
分类信息
The crescentchests (genus Melanopareia) were previously included in family Rhinocryptidae, the tapaculos. A 2010 publication confirmed earlier work and created their present genus. The olive-crowned crescentchest has three subspecies, the nominate Melanopareia maximiliani maximiliani, M. m. argentina, and M. m. pallida. The last has been suggested as a separate species due to vocal differences. In addition, a subpopulation of M. m. pallida might be an undescribed taxon.
- 学名
- Melanopareia maximiliani
- 命名信息
- (d'Orbigny, 1835)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Melanopareiidae
- 属
- Melanopareia
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of olive-crowned crescentchest is found in La Paz Department of western Bolivia. M. m. argentina is found from central Bolivia to northwestern Argentina. M. m. pallida is found in southeastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina. The species generally inhabits dry scrub and grassy areas with small bushes, but M. m. pallida also frequents sawgrass in the Chaco Basin. It ranges in elevation mostly from 1,700 to 2,950 m (5,580 to 9,680 ft) but is found as low as 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in Argentina.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The olive-crowned crescentchest usually forages alone, but sometimes in pairs, by hopping through dense cover on or near the ground. Its diet has not been recorded.<p>In Argentina the olive-crowned crescentchest breeds from September to December; an active nest was found in October in central Bolivia. Two nests of M. m. pallida were cups of vegetable fiber and palm leaves; they were hidden not far above the ground. One nest of M. m. argentina was a tunnel lined with grass. The species' clutch is two or three eggs.<p>The nominate olive-crowned crescentchest and M. m. argentina have two songs, one described as "chuck" notes [1] and the other as "chi" notes [2]. The song of M. m. pallida is faster [3]. The species' call is described as "chit chuck" [4].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cliff Swallow
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Compact swallow with a short, square tail. In flight, looks slightly less angular than other swallows, with more rounded wings. Note pale buffy-orange rump, which separates Cliff from most other swallows in range. Also look for dark throat and pale forehead. Widespread and fairly common, especially in western North America. Breeds under bridges, overpasses, and culverts. Winters in South America. Compare especially with Cave Swallow, which has a paler throat and orange forehead.
Mexican Chickadee
Poecile sclateri
The only chickadee in its range: primarily occurs in northern and central Mexico, barely entering the U.S. in the Chiricahua and Animas Mountains. Darker gray body than other chickadees, with black cap, white cheeks, and extensive black throat. Lacks any warm buffy tones. Restricted to mountainous pine forests, often in mixed flocks with other small songbirds. Listen for rather complex gurgling song and harsh call notes.
Narrow-billed Antwren
Formicivora iheringi
Long-tailed antwren with white flanks, unmistakable within its restricted range. Males are dark gray with a black bib. Females are olive-brown above and cinnamon below with two buff wing bars. Found in deciduous forests, where it forages from the understory to middle levels, usually alone but sometimes loosely accompanying mixed-species flocks. Songs a long series of clear “tiuw” notes.
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