Rufous-banded Owl
Strix albitarsis
Uncommon medium-sized owl found in the subtropical and temperate zones of the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia. Patterned with rufous, dark brown, and white overall. Shows especially noticeable rufous on the facial disk and a spotted white belly. Occurs in the middle to upper levels of humid cloud forests from around 1,700–3,000 m. Nocturnal. Like most owls, more easily heard than seen. Vocalizations similar to Black-and-white Owl—a series of short hoots with a forceful longer hoot at the end—but slower.
识别特征
The rufous-banded owl is 30 to 35 cm (12 to 14 in) long; two specimens weighed 265 and 350 g (9.3 and 12.3 oz). It has a round head and no ear tufts. Adults have a rufous facial disk that is blacker around the orange eyes, white "brows", and white lores. The rest of the head and the upperparts are blackish brown with buffy rufous bars and spots. The tail is also blackish brown, with lighter bars. The chest is dark brown with whitish and tawny bars and spots. The rest of the underparts are silvery white and rufous brown in an ocellated (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ocellated) pattern. The juvenile is buffy with a blackish mask.
分类信息
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) places the rufous-banded owl in genus Strix and divides it into three subspecies, the nominate S. a. albitarsis, S. a. opaca, and S. a. tertia. However, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC/AOS), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assign it to genus Ciccaba. Even more confusingly, HBW agrees with the assignment of three subspecies but Clements considers the species to be monotypic.
- 学名
- Strix albitarsis
- 命名信息
- (Bonaparte, 1850)
- 目
- Strigiformes
- 科
- Strigidae
- 属
- Strix
分布与栖息地
The rufous-banded owl is found in the Andes from northern Venezuela south to western and southern Bolivia. The IOC places the nominate subspecies in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador; S. a. opaca in Peru, and S. a. tertia in Bolivia. The species inhabits humid evergreen montane forest and cloudforest that have a dense understory, epiphytes, and mosses. In Venezuela it has also been recorded in more open areas adjoining dense forest. In elevation it ranges from about 1,700 to 3,700 m (5,600 to 12,100 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The rufous-banded owl is nocturnal and becomes active soon after dark. It forages in the forest canopy and has been reported to forage from perches at the edge of forest. Its diet has not been studied but is probably insects and small mammals.<p>Almost nothing is known about the rufous-banded owl's breeding phenology. A recently fledged bird was found in late June in Colombia and a juvenile was seen in August in Venezuela.<p>The rufous-banded owl's primary vocalization is a "[f]ast series of 5–10 short, deep, guttural notes followed by brief pause and then an explosive higher-pitched note: 'hu hu hu hu hu, HOOa', or 'hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu, HOOa'". It also calls a "series of gruff single hoots: 'rrroo rrroo rrroo rrroo...'".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Gray-cheeked Bulbul
Alophoixus tephrogenys
A large bulbul with a short brown crest, a gray face, a white throat, a greenish-brown back, and a dirty yellow breast and belly. Found at low and middle elevations in primary and secondary forests and forest edges, as well as in overgrown plantations and gardens. Loud, variable song is a cheery and repetitive stream of various notes, including musical “chew” notes and rougher scolds and rattles. Crest is short and weak, separating it from White-throated and Ochraceous Bulbuls. Brown cap and duller underparts separate this species from Yellow-bellied Bulbul.
Brown-throated Fulvetta
Fulvetta ludlowi
Orange-brown with black-and-white wing panels and a speckled white “beard” extending down the throat and up to either cheek. Inhabits high-elevation montane forests in the eastern Himalayas, where it usually forages in flocks in dense lower vegetation and in bamboo stands. Listen for its song, a pair or trio of high thin notes followed by a rapid-fire machine-gun rattle. Calls sound like broken-apart components of the song.
Visayan Babbler
Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus
A fairly small bird of lowland and foothill forest and edge; endemic to Samar, Leyte, and Bohol, though lumped with Calabarzon Babbler under “Black-crowned Babbler” by some taxonomies. Has a gray back and cheek with fine pale streaks, dark wings and tail with white outer tail feathers, white underparts, a pale rufous throat, and a black crown. Note the slender black bill. Often joins mixed-species flocks and sometimes hangs upside down while feeding. Somewhat similar to Green-backed Whistler, especially from below, but smaller, with a pale rufous throat and a black crown. Voice includes a medium-pitched “poo piuu!” with the second note downslurred.
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