Rufous-banded Owl
Strix albitarsis
Uncommon medium-sized owl found in the subtropical and temperate zones of the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia. Patterned with rufous, dark brown, and white overall. Shows especially noticeable rufous on the facial disk and a spotted white belly. Occurs in the middle to upper levels of humid cloud forests from around 1,700–3,000 m. Nocturnal. Like most owls, more easily heard than seen. Vocalizations similar to Black-and-white Owl—a series of short hoots with a forceful longer hoot at the end—but slower.
识别特征
The rufous-banded owl is 30 to 35 cm (12 to 14 in) long; two specimens weighed 265 and 350 g (9.3 and 12.3 oz). It has a round head and no ear tufts. Adults have a rufous facial disk that is blacker around the orange eyes, white "brows", and white lores. The rest of the head and the upperparts are blackish brown with buffy rufous bars and spots. The tail is also blackish brown, with lighter bars. The chest is dark brown with whitish and tawny bars and spots. The rest of the underparts are silvery white and rufous brown in an ocellated (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ocellated) pattern. The juvenile is buffy with a blackish mask.
分类信息
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) places the rufous-banded owl in genus Strix and divides it into three subspecies, the nominate S. a. albitarsis, S. a. opaca, and S. a. tertia. However, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC/AOS), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assign it to genus Ciccaba. Even more confusingly, HBW agrees with the assignment of three subspecies but Clements considers the species to be monotypic.
- 学名
- Strix albitarsis
- 命名信息
- (Bonaparte, 1850)
- 目
- Strigiformes
- 科
- Strigidae
- 属
- Strix
分布与栖息地
The rufous-banded owl is found in the Andes from northern Venezuela south to western and southern Bolivia. The IOC places the nominate subspecies in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador; S. a. opaca in Peru, and S. a. tertia in Bolivia. The species inhabits humid evergreen montane forest and cloudforest that have a dense understory, epiphytes, and mosses. In Venezuela it has also been recorded in more open areas adjoining dense forest. In elevation it ranges from about 1,700 to 3,700 m (5,600 to 12,100 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The rufous-banded owl is nocturnal and becomes active soon after dark. It forages in the forest canopy and has been reported to forage from perches at the edge of forest. Its diet has not been studied but is probably insects and small mammals.<p>Almost nothing is known about the rufous-banded owl's breeding phenology. A recently fledged bird was found in late June in Colombia and a juvenile was seen in August in Venezuela.<p>The rufous-banded owl's primary vocalization is a "[f]ast series of 5–10 short, deep, guttural notes followed by brief pause and then an explosive higher-pitched note: 'hu hu hu hu hu, HOOa', or 'hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu, HOOa'". It also calls a "series of gruff single hoots: 'rrroo rrroo rrroo rrroo...'".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Senegal Parrot
Poicephalus senegalus
Chunky mid-sized parrot with a green back and breast, a gray head, and a colorful belly that shows some geographical variation from yellow to reddish-orange. Found in all types of savanna, including broadleaf savanna, dry thorn savanna, and human-created savanna in the forest zone. Calls are variable sizzling screeches, often given in flight. Similar to Niam-Niam and Meyer’s Parrots, but separated from both by the yellow-orange belly.
Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater
Pipreola frontalis
Plump, colorful bird of cloud forest along the east slope of the Andes. Plumage is mostly green and yellow, and male has a red throat and breast. Female may have a yellow or orange chin patch, but this feature is often absent on Ecuadorian birds. Female is similar to female Fiery-throated Fruiteater but larger and with an orange (not black) bill. Plucks berries at mid-levels in the forest, and often found in pairs. Gives high-pitched chips and whistles, sometimes followed by a trill.
White-eared Bronze-Cuckoo
Chalcites meyerii
A small cuckoo of foothill and mid-montane forest. Underparts white with dark bars from bill to tail. Emerald green above with rufous flight feathers and obvious white ear crescents. Male has bright red eyes and female a rufous forehead. Regularly found in mixed species flocks. Potentially co-occurs with other bronze-cuckoo species, but White-eared Bronze-Cuckoo is the only species with a dark cheek and white ear mark. Call, a series of loud, downward “piuu!” notes.
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