Wood Warbler
Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Small warbler with subtly distinctive plumage: muted lime green above, silky white below, with a pale yellow throat and yellow eyebrows. Favors shady deciduous and mixed woods for breeding, especially areas with beech and oak. Often rather inconspicuous, feeding high in leafy canopy, but can be located by distinctive, ringing song. Slightly larger and longer-winged than Willow Warbler. Occupies a range of wooded and brushy habitats in non-breeding range, from moist forests to dry wooded savannas.
识别特征
The wood warbler is 11–12.5 cm long, and a typical leaf warbler in appearance, green above and white below with a lemon-yellow breast. It can be distinguished from similar species, like the chiffchaff P. collybita and the willow warbler, P. trochilus by its yellow supercilium, throat and upper breast, pale tertial edges, longer primary projection, and by its shorter but broader tail.<p>It is a summer visitor to the United Kingdom, seen from April until August. It has declined there in recent years. It is rare in Ireland, where there is a very small but apparently stable breeding population in County Wicklow.<p>Various factors associated with forest structure, including slope, forest cover, proportion of broad-leaf forest, canopy height and forest edge length, all influence the occupancy rates of this declining forest species. Conservation measures are therefore required that provide and maintain the wood warblers preferred forest structure. There is also a preference for forest in the non-breeding season; however, this habitat is declining in wintering areas such as Ghana. Despite the decline in forest habitat, there has been no change in the number of wood warblers as it appears that this species can use degraded habitats, such as well-wooded farms. However, further loss of trees will likely have a negative impact on this species in the future.
分类信息
- 学名
- Phylloscopus sibilatrix
- 命名信息
- (Bechstein, 1793)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Phylloscopidae
- 属
- Phylloscopus
分布与栖息地
This is a bird of open but shady mature woodlands, such as beech and sessile oak, with some sparse ground cover for nesting. The dome-shaped nest is built near the ground in low shrub. Six or seven eggs are laid in May; there may be a second brood. Like most Old World warblers, this small passerine is insectivorous.<p>The main nest predators of wood warblers breeding in the primeval habitat of Białowieża Forest, Poland, are mammals, especially medium-sized carnivores, which mostly predate nests at night using sound or olfaction. Therefore, nest survival declined with nest progression likely due to increased predator detection of older and louder chicks.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : Europe through n Kazakhstan and c Russia
- 非繁殖区
- w, c AF
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Hen Harrier
Circus cyaneus
Medium-sized harrier, flies with wings held in a V-shape, low over open fields and marshes, listening for rodents lurking below. Distinctive foraging behavior and conspicuous white patch on rump in all plumages. Five long primary ‘finger tips’ prominent in flight. Females and immatures are warm brown with streaky breasts. Adult male has plain mid-gray wings with black wingtips and paler belly.
Fraser's Sunbird
Deleornis fraseri
A sunbird masquerading as a warbler, this medium-sized sunbird of forest and forest edge is often found in small groups or mixed-species flocks searching the understory deliberately for insects. Overall yellow-green with more olive tones to the head. Has distinctive pale spectacles around its eye and a large, slightly decurved bill. Could be confused with longbills, but note Fraser’s Sunbird’s decurved bill and noticeable spectacles around the eyes. Calls include a short, dry “tiktiktik!” The song is a longer set of sunbird-like notes with noticeable pauses in between, varying in quality from clear whistles to trills: “dree, djier, drtil, drtil.”
Black-throated Jay
Cyanolyca pumilo
Rather small and elusive jay of humid evergreen and pine-evergreen forest in mountains. Usually travels in pairs or small groups, at times in association with larger and more conspicuous Azure-hooded Jay. Forages at all levels, usually well hidden in dense vegetation. Plumage dark blue overall with black face and throat bordered by narrow whitish eyebrow. Varied calls can draw attention.
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