Black-eared Miner
Manorina melanotis
Rare, medium-sized honeyeater found only in a few areas with dense intact mallee woodland (such as Gluepot Reserve). Grayish brown above, paler gray below, with pale gray crown, yellow bill, yellow eye patch, and a dark cheek patch. Hybridizes with Yellow-throated Miner, which makes identification difficult, as hybrids show a mix of the features of both species. In Black-eared, the moustache is darker than the throat (moustache is paler in Yellow-throated) and the cheek patch entirely black (patch has silver flecks in Yellow-throated). In flight, note the rump is the same color as the back and tail (rump is paler in Yellow-throated). Aggressive and territorial; lives in colonies and vigorously defends the territory area against pretty much anything that moves.
分类信息
Manorina melanotis was identified by Francis Erasmus Wilson in 1911. It is closely related to the much more widely distributed yellow-throated miner M. flavigula, and the taxonomic status of the black-eared miner is the subject of some controversy, with some researchers considering it a subspecies of M. flavigula.
- 学名
- Manorina melanotis
- 命名信息
- (Wilson, FE, 1911)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Meliphagidae
- 属
- Manorina
分布与栖息地
IBA (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas), identified by BirdLife International as being important for black-eared miner conservation, are areas containing relatively intact, mallee woodland in north-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. They comprise Murray-Sunset, Hattah and Annuello, the Riverland Mallee, and Wyperfeld, Big Desert and Ngarkat.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Black-eared miners are co-operative breeders, living in colonies during the breeding season, and dispersing into the bush during non-breeding periods. Little is known of their movements during these periods.<p>In 2022, it was reported that the species had been interbreeding with the yellow-throated miner.
保护状况
Black-eared miners' survival became threatened by habitat clearance to make way for agriculture, and the bird experienced competition from goats, rabbits, kangaroos, and other herbivores, which then had access to water which they had not previously had. The species was assessed as "probably Australia's rarest and most endangered bird" in 2016 by ornithologist John McLaughlin, while a 2018 study ranked it as the 10th bird at most risk of extinction.<p>As of 2022[update], there remain around 200 colonies, with up to 20 birds within each colony. Interbreeding with the yellow-throated miner has affected the genetic integrity of the black-eared miner, which adds to the risk to their population.[4]<p>The species is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List (2021.3) and under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999,[2] and its conservation status in several Australian states is as follows:<p>In July 2022, it was announced that AUD$125,000 has been dedicated to protect the black-eared miner. The Australian Government has provided the funding to the Murraylands and Riverland Landscape Board (MRLB) and their partners for the project.[12] As part of the project, researchers will do genetic testing of birds in the 200 populations.[4]
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Rhinoptilus cinctus
Elegant, cryptic, long-legged, upland shorebird. Shows a dark upperwing and a largely white underwing in flight. Found in savanna and woodland, including some miombo. Nocturnal species that spends the day roosting under a thick bush. Calls at night with a repeated metallic “chik.” Somewhat similar to Double-banded Courser but is nocturnal and has a more complex and striped head and chest pattern.
White-bellied Drongo
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A small drongo with a dull-black back and a relatively short, distinctively forked tail. The “white-bellied” form has an extensively white belly diffusely demarcated from the dark gray throat and breast. The “white-vented” from is restricted to Sri Lanka and is darker overall, with dark gray underparts and a white vent. The species is similar to juvenile Black and Ashy Drongos, which are larger and have smaller amounts of white, diffused with a dusky color or scaling, on the belly and vent. White-bellied is found in dry and open forests across the Indian subcontinent.
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Rare hummingbird known only from a few locations in the northern half of Colombia’s western Andes. Large and long billed with iridescent green belly and rump. Male has glittering green forehead and sapphire throat patch. Female lacks these features and instead has a buffy throat and mustache. Inhabits humid forest at high elevations up to tree line. Feeds on a variety of flowers, and regularly visits feeders in the reserve that bears its Spanish name, the Colibrí del Sol Nature Reserve above the town of Urrao.
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