Black-crowned Tchagra
Tchagra senegalus
A gray-brown bushshrike with rufous wings, a bold pale eyebrow, and a diagnostic all-black crown; most races have a distinctive gray belly. Pairs occasionally join mixed-species flocks and skulk in a variety of scrub, tangled thickets, and open woodland, foraging for insects on the ground or in the lower levels of vegetation. The species sings a wonderful melodious up-and-down whistled “whee-cheee-chooo-cheeera” and a variety of other whistles and grating sounds.
识别特征
The black-crowned tchagra is a colourful and unmistakable species, 19–22 cm in length. It has a black crown and eye stripes separated by a broad white supercilium. The underparts are pale grey and the upperparts pale brown. The folded wings are chestnut and the tail is black, tipped white. The bill is black.<p>Sexes are similar, but young birds have a brown cap and a pale yellow bill. There are 14 subspecies, varying in size and the colour of the back, underparts and eyestripe.<p>Black-crowned tchagra has a descending whistling song, chee-chee chee cheroo cheroo, and can be readily tempted into sight by imitating this call, presumably because the bird is concerned that there is an intruder in its territory. The male also has a switchback display flight.
分类信息
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the black-crowned tchagra in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Senegal. He used the French name La pie-griesche gris du Sénégal and the Latin Lanius Senegalensis cinereus. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the black-crowned tchagra. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Lanius senegalus and cited Brisson's work. The species is now placed in the genus Tchagra that was introduced by the French naturalist René Lesson in 1831. Nine subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Tchagra senegalus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Malaconotidae
- 属
- Tchagra
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Black-crowned tchagra lays two or three heavily marked white eggs in a cup nest in a tree or bush. Both sexes, but mainly the female, incubate for 12–15 days to hatching; the chicks fledge after another 15 days.<p>It is similar in habits to the shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch in a bush, although it sits less conspicuously than true shrikes.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-tailed Shrike
Lanius phoenicuroides
Small, plain shrike of dry, open areas with low shrubby cover. Gray-backed and white-bellied, with a black mask and a rusty tail and crown. Very similar to the closely related Isabelline Shrike, but look out for Red-tailed’s stronger white brow, reddish crown instead of a gray one, and cleaner underparts. Perches on exposed bushtops, posts, and wires, from which it primarily hunts for insects and arachnids. Like other closely related small shrikes, incorporates mimicry into songs and gives harsh, rasping calls.
Eastern Screech-Owl
Megascops asio
Small, stocky owl with large head and no neck. Pointed ear tufts are often raised. Varies in color from gray to bright rufous (reddish-brown). Intricate pattern is perfect for camouflage against tree bark. Yellow eyes. Active at night when they prey on small birds and mammals. More often heard than seen; listen for its descending whinny and longer trill. Roosts and nests in cavities, including nest boxes. Found in a variety of habitats with trees, particularly near water.
Dusky Tit
Melaniparus funereus
Unusual forest tit that is all dark with a red eye. The male is mostly black, and the female dark gray. Found in humid forest, often around clearings or along the edge. Usually in pairs or small groups, readily joining mixed-species flocks. Gives a wide variety of vocalizations including a raspy up-and-down series, a typical tit “dree di-di-di,” and other whistled and scolding notes. Active tit behavior, small size, and small bill separate this species from other dark forest birds.
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