Gray-headed Bushshrike
Malaconotus blanchoti
A large, robust bushshrike with a chunky hook-tipped bill, a bright yellow eye, and a massive gray head with a small pale patch in front of the eye. Singles and pairs inhabit arid thornveld, broadleaf woodland, riverine forest, and thickets, seldom joining flocks. The species forages slowly and deliberately, hopping along branches diligently searching for large insects and small vertebrates. A low-pitched, extended sorrowful “whhooooooo” song is given up to 50 times in succession, along with other harsh clicks and rasps. Other similar large bushshrikes are rainforest specialists and have more pale in front of the eye.
识别特征
The sexes are alike, and measure 22.6 to 25.2 cm (bill to tail). The combination of formidable, black bill and rich yellow iris lends it a distinctive visage. Related bushshrike species have the white lore plumage extending beyond a whitish eye. Immatures are paler generally, while juveniles have pale yellow chest plumage, and brown barring or mottling over the crown. Juveniles are also distinguished by their brown eyes and brownish horn bills. The species occurs in sympatry with the orange-breasted bushshrike, which is similarly plumaged but smaller, with more gracile features.
分类信息
- 学名
- Malaconotus blanchoti
- 命名信息
- Stephens, 1826
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Malaconotidae
- 属
- Malaconotus
分布与栖息地
In the subtropics it occurs in densities of 1 pair per 200 ha, and a breeding pair has a range of some 50 ha. In Zimbabwe it shows a close association with miombo woodland, while occurring more sparsely in semi-arid savannah. It is also found in riparian vegetation and associated tall Acacia, besides lowland evergreen thicket and forest, and the interior of riparian ground-water forest.<p>It is found from sea level to 1,500 metres, up to 1,600 metres in Zimbabwe, and in the tropics, locally up to 3,000 metres. It avoids areas with an annual rainfall below 500 mm. In southern Africa it is absent from Kalahari woodlands, and is largely replaced by the orange-breasted bushshrike in the Okavango Delta. It many areas it occurs in sympatry with the latter species, but may locally be found living in close proximity with several other bushshrike species. It is rarely found in plantations of alien trees, but more commonly in gardens, where it would be overlooked were it not for its frequent call notes.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Their food consists mostly of insects, but they also prey on mice (swallowed whole), small birds, snakes, lizards and chameleons.<p>The best-known call is the male's uncanny, mechanical-sounding series of hooting notes, which particularly during the pre-breeding period, is frequently repeated. The prolonged sessions of measured, mournful notes may continue for an hour or more. These are delivered from a high perch, and are sometimes preceded by a cluck or tic sounds. His calling ceases once the female starts incubating however, when he begins to provide her with food items. Various softer sounds may also be heard at close quarters, besides a variety of abrupt clicks, ticks or clinks. A harsh alarm note and a duetting call are also known.<p>The grey-headed bushshrike breeds in spring and summer. The pair builds a nest in 10 days, which is placed in the mid to upper stratum of a tree, well-hidden in thicker foliage, tangles or mistletoes. The nest shows some resemblance to that of a small raptor, whose old nests they may also appropriate. A clutch contains 2 to 4 elongate (29 x 21 mm), cream-coloured eggs, irregularly marked with grey and brown spots, that form a slight crown around the obtuse end. The clutch is incubated by the female only, over a period of 17 days. Chicks are reared by the female and leave the nest in three weeks.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Blue-breasted Kingfisher
Halcyon malimbica
Large and chunky blue, black, and white kingfisher. Found in rainforest, gallery forest, and thick woodland, mostly in the subcanopy and mid-story. Generally shy and usually detected by voice: an introductory whistle, followed after a pause by a mournful, slightly descending series of “chiew” notes. Similar to Woodland Kingfisher, but separated by its larger size, black patch on the back, blue on the breast, black line behind the eye, and preference for thicker habitats.
Tawny-tufted Toucanet
Selenidera nattereri
Small toucan. Look for the blue patch on a reddish bill. Males have a black crown, throat, and breast; in females, the black is replaced by chestnut. Occurs in humid forest, including white sand forests. Call is a slow, deep series of “ggrawnk” to “ggrraaw” notes, easily overlooked.
Orange-winged Pytilia
Pytilia afra
Unusual and pretty member of the waxbill family. Shows fine olive-green barring below, yellow edges to the wing feathers, and red on the tail. Generally scarce and inconspicuous. Found in the understory of moist habitats, including miombo and other lush woodland, and in forest edge. Usually seen singly or in pairs. Calls include inconspicuous “tew”, “tip”, and rasping notes. Similar to Green-winged Pytilia but found in moister habitats and separated by finer barring below, yellow wing edges, and different pattern of red on the face of the males.
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