Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl
Megascops watsonii
Small dark owl of lowland forests. The most common owl over much of its range, it prefers forest interior but can also be found in forest edge, especially in dense vegetation. Similar to Tropical Screech-Owl, which favors more open habitats, but differs in its darker plumage and especially in voice. Song is a long, steady series of hoots, delivered rapidly in the northern part of its range and more slowly in the south.
识别特征
The tawny-bellied screech owl is 19 to 24 cm (7.5 to 9.4 in) long. The nominate subspecies weighs 114 to 155 g (4.0 to 5.5 oz) and M. w. usta 115 to 141 g (4.1 to 5.0 oz). The nominate has a dark buff facial disc with a thin darker border, dark buff brows over dark yellow eyes, and longish broad "ear" tufts. The crown and upperparts are dark gray-brown with black and buff spots and vermiculations. The tail has alternating brown and light buff bars. The breast is dark brown with small buff spots. The rest of the underparts are buff with black streaks and the belly also has faint white bars. M. w. usta has a similar pattern but is rufous overall and the underparts' streaks are broader. Its eyes are warm brown. It also occurs in brown and buff morphs.
分类信息
The tawny-bellied screech owl was described by the American ornithologist John Cassin in 1849 and given the binomial name Ephialtes watsonii. It was later placed in genus Otus and later still the New World members of that genus were transferred to Megascops.<p>The tawny-bellied screech owl is part of a complex of species that includes the Santa Marta screech owl (M. gilesi), West Peruvian screech owl (M. roboratus), black-capped screech owl (M. atricapilla), and perhaps other undescribed species. Two subspecies are recognized, the nominate M. w. watsonii and M. w. usta. The latter has been suggested as a species in its own right.
- 学名
- Megascops watsonii
- 命名信息
- (Cassin, 1849)
- 目
- Strigiformes
- 科
- Strigidae
- 属
- Megascops
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of tawny-bellied screech owl is found north of the Amazon River from eastern Colombia east through Venezuela and the Guianas and south through Ecuador into northeastern Peru and Amazonian Brazil. M. w. usta is found south of the Amazon in eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and southern Amazonian Brazil to northern Mato Grosso.<p>The tawny-bellied screech owl inhabits the interior of lowland rainforest, mostly old growth and mature secondary forest. M. w. usta can also be found in altered forest along waterways and near human settlements. The species tends to favor undergrowth to the mid-story below 30 m (98 ft) high. It is seldom found above elevations of 600 to 700 m (2,000 to 2,300 ft) above sea level.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Little is known about the tawny-bellied screech owl's feeding habits. It is nocturnal, forages at lower levels of the forest, and is believed to feed mostly on insects but possibly small vertebrates as well.<p>Almost nothing is known about the tawny-bellied screech owl's breeding phenology. A nest was documented in September a hole in a dead palm; it contained a very young chick. Another nest held two eggs.<p>The nominate tawny-bellied screech owl's primary song is "a long series of rapid notes, becoming faster and louder, then fading with [a] low trill." That of M. w. usta is similar but slower. The nominate's secondary song is a "brief series of short 'wu' notes"; that of M. w. usta is "thought to be fast series of 'bu' notes, slowing to [a] 'bouncing' rhythm".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Slender-billed Tyrannulet
Inezia tenuirostris
Very active, a small, greenish-brown flycatcher with yellowish underparts. Shows a short bill with orange base, faint whitish eyebrow, and contrasting white wing bars. Sexes similar. Common, often alone or in pairs foraging; territorial, found in dry areas with scrub and small trees or mangrove border. Song is a fast trill “tr’r’r’R’R’R’R’r’r’r’r.” Similar to Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet, which shows more of a crest, less contrasting wing bars, and heavier and more curved bill. Found in northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.
Short-tailed Nighthawk
Lurocalis semitorquatus
Dark nighthawk, most often seen flying over the forest canopy or a river at dusk. Overall brown with richer rufous belly and underwings; small white throat patch is sometimes difficult to see. Short tail is noticeable in flight. Unlike many other similar species, does not show white patches in wings. Sexes alike. Even less conspicuous than other nighthawks, often appearing fleetingly in the twilight and very rarely seen roosting during the day.
Sao Tome Green-Pigeon
Treron sanctithomae
Chunky, medium-sized pigeon that has a green back and gray underparts. Also note the purple shoulders and the whitish bill with a red base. Flight is fast and direct. Sometimes alone, though more often in small groups. The species clambers around clumsily like a parrot but can remain well hidden. Found in the canopy of rainforest, secondary forest, and plantations. Most common at middle elevations. Voice is a quiet but maniacal combination of sputters, whistles, and cackles. Easily identified, as it is the only green pigeon on the island of Sao Tome.
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