Scaly-breasted Wren
Microcerculus marginatus
Dark, short-tailed wren, quite shy and difficult to see. Overall brown with paler grayish throat and rather long, straight bill. Some populations have more scaling on breast than others. Found on the ground inside forest, where it makes an interesting song. Listen for a series of whistled notes, starting off high-pitched with a few in rapid succession, then each note dropping in pitch and spaced further and further apart. The whole series can last for minutes. Far more often heard than seen.
识别特征
The southern nightingale-wren is 11 cm (4.3 in) long; males weigh 18.2 to 22 g (0.64 to 0.78 oz) and females 17 to 18 g (0.60 to 0.63 oz). Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dull gray-brown face and deep chocolate-brown crown and upperparts with a reddish tinge on the rump. They have a very short dark chocolate tail. Their chin, chest, and upper belly are white with some black scalloping on the sides of the chest. The lower flanks and lower belly are dark chocolate. The juvenile is similar with the addition of darkish barring on the crown and back and dark brown feather tips on the underside.<p>M. m. squamulatus is similar to the nominate but has scaly markings on the underparts. M. m. taeniatus also has scaly underparts and a more extensive reddish tinge on the upperparts and blackish barring below. M. m. corrasus is also similar to the nominate, but is a purer white below with narrow dark bars. M. m. occidentalis has a longer and thinner bill, darker upperparts and flanks, and broad dark bars on its abdomen. M. m. luscinia's throat is pale gray that becomes brownish gray on the breast and belly.
分类信息
The southern nightingale-wren forms a species pair with the northern nightingale-wren (Microcerculus philomela) and was in the past considered conspecific with it. It is currently treated as a species in its own right by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy, though under different English names.<p>The southern nightingale-wren has the six subspecies listed below. Subspecies M. m. luscinia is treated by some taxonomists as a separate species. The nominate subspecies M. m. marginatus is also sometimes considered a separate species or even two species divided by the Amazon River.<p>The southern nightingale-wren's subspecies are:
- 学名
- Microcerculus marginatus
- 命名信息
- (Sclater, PL, 1855)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Microcerculus
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of southern nightingale-wren are found thus:<p>The southern nightingale-wren inhabits the lower levels of dense humid tropical forest. It has been recorded from sea level to 1,700 m (5,600 ft) in Costa Rica, to 1,400 m (4,600 ft) in Colombia, and to 1,800 m (5,900 ft) in Venezuela. There is also one record in Panama at 3,100 m (10,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Brown-throated Parakeet
Eupsittula pertinax
Green above with paler yellowish belly and long, pointed tail. Average size for a parakeet. Distinctive brown cheek and upper breast usually quite obvious; can be trickier to see in flight. Almost always in small flocks, which feed inconspicuously on fruit in gardens, forest edges, and second growth. More obvious in flight; listen for grating, squeaky calls.
White-fronted Bee-eater
Merops bullockoides
A bright and colorful bee-eater; the red throat and white line under the black face mask render it unmistakable. Pairs and groups inhabit woodland adjacent to watercourses, hillsides, and scrub, especially near earthen banks, where nesting colonies are formed by up to 450 individuals burrowing into the dirt. They have one of the most complex of all avian societies, featuring families, clans, and pirates! A nasal rolling “ngyaaau” is the main vocalization.
Bronze-olive Pygmy-Tyrant
Pseudotriccus pelzelni
A tiny, rotund flycatcher found singly in the understory of montane forest from Panama to Peru. Very nondescript plumage: darker olive above with a dull tawny breast and yellowish belly. Looks uniformly brownish in bad light. Usually stays low, where it perches quietly and sallies out to glean insects. Often detected by its snapping sounds and whirring wingbeats. Occurs from around 700–2,000 m, typically lower than Rufous-headed Pygmy-Tyrant but some elevation overlap.
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