Rufous-sided Crake
Laterallus melanophaius
Often common, but usually hard to see. Best detected by voice, a very long explosive trill. The plumage is olive-brown above with rufous face and sides, and striking black-and-white bars on the flank and vent. Similar to Red-and-white Crake, which lacks the dark cap. Found in damp grasslands, extensive wetlands, and sometimes rank pastures.
识别特征
The rufous-sided crake is 14 to 18 cm (5.5 to 7.1 in) long and weighs about 50 to 60 g (1.8 to 2.1 oz). The sexes are alike. Both subspecies' bills have a gray maxilla with a pea green cutting edge and a pale pea green mandible with a white tip. Their legs and feet are light gray brown to olive brown. The nominate subspecies has dark olive brown upperparts with a gray tinge around the eye. The face and sides of the breast are rufous to cinnamon rufous. The throat and center of the breast are white, the flanks and belly barred white and blackish brown, and the undertail coverts are dark cinnamon rufous. Subspecies L. m. oenops is similar to the nominate, but has paler upperparts and is rufous on the forecrown and around the eye.
分类信息
The rufous-sided crake has two subspecies, the nominate L. m. melanophaius and L. m. oenops. What is now the white-throated crake (L. albigularis) was for a time treated as a third subspecies.
- 学名
- Laterallus melanophaius
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1819)
- 目
- Gruiformes
- 科
- Rallidae
- 属
- Laterallus
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of rufous-sided crake has much the larger range of the two. It is found from coastal Venezuela east through the Guianas and separately from central and eastern Brazil south through eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay into northern Argentina. Subspecies L. m. oenops is found from southern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador into eastern Peru and east into western Brazil. The species primarily inhabits freshwater marshes and similar landscapes such as flooded pastures and the edges of ponds and oxbow lakes .
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The rufous-sided crake is not known to migrate.<p>The rufous-sided crake usually forages in dense grassy vegetation but also in the open close to cover. It forages in mud and vegetation for its primary diet of small arthropods; seeds and leaves are also eaten.<p>Only fragments are known about the rufous-sided crake's breeding biology. Its nesting season(s) are not known for most of its range but include September and October in Argentina. Its nest is a globe of leaves lined with leaf shreds, dry grass, and feathers. It is placed on or just above the ground and has a side entrance. The incubation period is about 20 days.<p>The rufous-sided crake's song is "a rubbery musical trill" much like those of other Laterallus crakes. Its calls include ""high-pitched tinkling calls[,] [a] short treeeeeng[, and] a harsh, descending djreer."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Little Pied Cormorant
Microcarbo melanoleucos
Small black and white cormorant with stubby yellow bill. In most of range has completely white undersides, lacking black "trousers." In New Zealand underparts coloration more variable, and can be anywhere from white to mostly black with a white throat and face. Take care to identify from Pied Cormorant, which has a long ivory bill and contrasting black “trousers” on the flanks near the legs. Found in a wide range of watery habitats, including small ponds, creeks, and dams.
Monk Parakeet
Myiopsitta monachus
Medium-sized parakeet, bright lime green above with whitish face and chest, pinkish bill, and blue wingtips. Native to South America, where it is found in various open habitats, especially rural agricultural areas and towns. In introduced range, can be found locally in large cities. Builds enormous stick nests, often on large structures like cell phone towers and power poles; "Cliff Parakeet" of arid southcentral Bolivia manages to build, quite impressively, on sheer cliffs. Listen for its harsh, screeching voice.
White-thighed Hornbill
Bycanistes albotibialis
A large canopy hornbill with a distinct white-tipped tail, a broad white outerwing with white patches within the black forewing, a white belly and vent, and a pale bill. Often seen in the canopy and subcanopy of lowland forest feeding on fruit. Call is a harsh series of caws, “hyr hyr hyr,” with occasional longer wails. Most likely to be confused with Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill, but White-thighed Hornbill has white on the vent and rump and on the tail tip, giving its tail a black-banded appearance, and its bill is pale.
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