Nocturnal Curassow
Nothocrax urumutum
This small curassow is entirely warm brown with a bright orange bill, yellow skin above the eye, and gray skin below the eye. True to its name, it is strictly nocturnal and thus extremely difficult to see. It is much more often detected by voice: listen for a low, booming song typically with three notes. With a great deal of effort and luck, a singing individual might be spotted perched in the canopy. Occurs in lowland forest in western Amazonia, where it typically stays in the upper levels, rarely dropping to the ground.
识别特征
The nocturnal curassow is the smallest curassow at 50 to 57.5 cm (1.6 to 1.9 ft) long. One bird weighed 1,250 g (2.8 lb). It is also unique with its mostly rufous and chestnut plumage, as other curassows are mostly black. Its crest is flat and blackish, its ventral area buffy, and the tips of its tail feathers are paler than the rest. Its brownish-orange eye is surrounded by bare skin, greenish-yellow above and black below. The bill is reddish-orange and the legs gray.
分类信息
The nocturnal curassow was originally placed in genus Crax but genetic data confirm that Nothocrax is a valid genus. It is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies.
- 学名
- Nothocrax urumutum
- 命名信息
- (Spix, 1825)
- 目
- Galliformes
- 科
- Cracidae
- 属
- Nothocrax
分布与栖息地
The nocturnal curassow is found in middle and upper Amazonia, from far southern Venezuela, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru into western and central Brazil. It inhabits terra firme forest and flooded forests (both permanent and seasonal). It favors low lying, gentle, terrain, often near blackwater rivers. It is typically found below 850 m (2,800 ft) but has been recorded as high as about 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Ecuador.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Belying its name, the nocturnal curassow is active in daylight as well as night and twilight, though it sings only at night.<p>The nocturnal curassow forages singly or in groups of up to four birds, at dawn, dusk, and the few hours after or before them. It feeds on the ground, apparently entirely on vegetable matter though its diet has not been extensively studied.<p>The nocturnal curassow's breeding season has not been determined, but breeding activity has been noted between October and February. It makes a large loosely woven nest from sticks and palm leaves lined with twigs and dried leaves. Nests have been found high in trees and vines and also on stumps and logs near the ground. The clutch size is two eggs.<p>The nocturnal curassow sings only at night, primarily on clear dark nights in dry weather. Its song is "a series of seven, low-pitched, highly resonant notes...rendered 'hmm-hmm-hmmmm, hmm hmm-hmmm, hmmph!'." Sometimes several birds will counter-sing.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Nazca Booby
Sula granti
Large seabird, very similar to Masked Booby. Long and pointy on all ends: wings, tail, and bill. Adults mostly gleaming white with black flight feathers and face; note pinkish-orange (not yellow) bill to help separate from adult Masked. Young birds darker overall with brown head contrasting with white belly and dirty brown markings on underwings; very similar to young Masked or even adult Brown Booby. Found in the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to Peru where it feeds on fish; breeds on rocky islands, especially the Galapagos.
Amur Paradise-Flycatcher
Terpsiphone incei
Adult male comes in two morphs, rufous and white; both have a black hood, white underparts, black head, short crest, and bright blue eyerings, but they differ in the color of the upperparts. Breeding males have a long tail twice the length of the body. Female and immature male similar but tail much shorter, and plumage duller overall. Female and young male similar to Japanese Paradise-Flycatcher but brighter rufous above, with a sharper demarcation between the black chest and white belly. Also compare with Blyth’s Paradise-Flycatcher where their ranges overlap. Breeds in broadleaf lowland and hill forests; also in more open habitats in migration and in winter. Song a series of descending fluty whistles; call a staccato, nasal chatter.
Horned Curassow
Pauxi unicornis
Very distinctive and very rare curassow of the central Bolivian Andes. Note distinctive blue vertical “horn” above the orange bill. Due to small range and high hunting pressure, only known from a few remote sites in the middle elevation forest of Santa Cruz and Cochabamba departments, Bolivia. Very wary and skittish, most easily detected by low, deep calls. You are part of an exclusive club if you see one of these in the wild.
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