Stripe-breasted Spinetail
Synallaxis cinnamomea
A distinctive-looking spinetail found from central Colombia to Trinidad and Tobago. Dark brown overall with rusty wings. Look for a whitish throat and dark streaking on chest. Some variation across range; populations differ in the amount of streaking and the presence or absence of a buffy eyebrow. Occurs in the understory of forests, edges, and scrubbier woodland from sea level to around 1,500 m. Like many other spinetails, skulky and difficult to see. Listen for squeaky nasal “peet-purr!” calls, often repeated.
识别特征
The stripe-breasted spinetail is 14 to 16 cm (5.5 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 15 to 23 g (0.53 to 0.81 oz). It has one of the shortest tails of genus Synallaxis. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies S. c. cinnamomea have a faint pale supercilium on an otherwise dull rufous face. Their crown, nape, back, rump, and uppertail coverts are rich brown. Their wings are rufous-chestnut with blackish tips on their flight feathers. Their tail is rich brown; it is graduated and the ends of the feathers lack barbs giving a spiny appearance. Their throat is streaked black on white. Their underparts are rufous with fulvous streaks (unique in Synallaxis); the belly is paler than the rest with duller streaks. Their iris is reddish to creamy brown to dark brown, their maxilla dark horn to black, their mandible gray-horn or pinkish with a dark horn tip, and their legs and feet black to grayish to pale gray-brown. Juveniles are browner than adults, with a less distinct and less black throat and less distinct streaks on the underparts.<p>The other subspecies of the stripe-breasted spinetail differ from the nominate and each other thus:<p>The dramatic plumage differences between the nominate and bolivari hint that the latter might be a separate species; "further work needed".
分类信息
The stripe-breasted spinetail has these seven subspecies:<p>The stripe-breasted spinetail is closely related to the ruddy spinetail (S. rutilans) and chestnut-throated spinetail (S. cherriei).
- 学名
- Synallaxis cinnamomea
- 命名信息
- Lafresnaye, 1843
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Synallaxis
分布与栖息地
The stripe-breasted spinetail has a disjunct distribution. The subspecies are found thus:<p>On the South American mainland the stripe-breasted spinetail inhabits a variety of landscapes, primarily subtropical and tropical deciduous forest, gallery forest, and arid montane and second-growth scrublands. It also inhabits undergrowth in the interior and edges of tropical lowland and lower montane forest, and locally occurs in second-growth woodlands and overgrown coffee plantations. On Trindad and Tobago it primarily inhabits the undergrowth of forests. In elevation it ranges between 800 and 3,100 m (2,600 and 10,200 ft) in Colombia and between 700 and 2,000 m (2,300 and 6,600 ft) in Venezuela.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The stripe-breasted spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The stripe-breasted spinetail feeds on arthropods. It typically forages in pairs and occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It gleans prey from foliage and branches up to about 2 m (7 ft) above the ground, and on the ground explores leaf litter for prey.<p>The stripe-breasted spinetail breeds at any time of the year on Trinidad and at a minimum between March and August on Tobago; its breeding season in Colombia and Venezuela are not known. Though it is a member of the ovenbird family, which is named for the clay nests many species make, the stripe-breasted spinetail constructs a globe of sticks and leaves with an entrance tunnel on top. It can be placed on sloping ground or in a bush up to about 3 m (10 ft) above the ground. The clutch size is three eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The stripe-breasted spinetail's song is two notes, of which the second is lower but rising, " a nasal, sharp 'chík-kweek' or 'chúrt-wert' " that is often repeated for long periods. Its calls are a "soft, whining 'peeeur' or querulous 'chew' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Ornate Sunbird
Cinnyris ornatus
Tiny and active sunbird of forest edges, parks, and gardens; the most common urban sunbird throughout most of its expansive distribution; ranges from Andaman and Nicobar Islands to Lesser Sundas. Both sexes have a plain olive back, a yellow belly, and white tail edges that are flared out in flight. The male flashes an iridescent blue throat while the female has a yellow throat and eyebrow. Female Brown-throated Sunbird also has a yellow belly, but it is larger with a thicker bill and lacks the white tail patches of Ornate. Gives a rising “dwee”, a familiar sound even in cities. Formerly grouped with other, closely related species under “Olive-backed Sunbird.”
Ocellated Antbird
Phaenostictus mcleannani
Spectacular, chunky forest-dweller; generally uncommon. Electric blue facial skin, rufous body, black throat, and pale scalloped pattern renders this antbird unlikely to be confused with any other species. Larger than other antbirds in range. Can be difficult to see well; found close to the ground in mature forest, usually in pairs or small flocks following an army ant swarm. Listen for descending, scolding call. Sexes alike.
Mangrove Finch
Camarhynchus heliobates
A critically endangered Galápagos finch and one of the world’s rarest birds. Currently known only from mangroves at a few sites (with restricted access) on Isabela. Formerly found on Fernandina, but there are no recent substantiated records there. Both sexes typically have brown upperparts, whitish underparts with tan streaking, and a faint eyebrow. Some older males may have a faint, dark hood. Bill is relatively long, with a curved upper edge and mostly straight lower edge. Male’s bill is black when breeding and slightly paler at other times. Female’s bill is orange. Similar to Woodpecker Finch, but that species has a longer bill and less prominent streaking.
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