Bernier's Teal
Anas bernieri
A small brown duck with a long bill and tail. In flight, look for a green stripe between two white stripes on the wing. Usually found in saltwater or brackish wetlands, especially on mudflats and in mangroves. Has the odd habit of dabbling on mudflats, usually in pairs. Sometimes found in shallow freshwater wetlands. Rare, endangered, and very local in western Madagascar. Similar in size to Red-billed Duck and Blue-billed Teal, but Bernier’s Teal has a pale cap and a pale pink rather than red or blue bill.
识别特征
This is a small duck, measuring 40 to 45 cm (16 to 18 in) in length, and ranging from 320 to 405 grams (11.3 to 14.3 oz) in mass; males average slightly heavier than females. Adult and immature birds of both sexes look the same, though males are slightly larger than females. The plumage is predominantly warm brown. The bill is reddish, and the legs and feet are a dull reddish-orange.
分类信息
The Bernier's teal was first described by the German ornithologist Gustav Hartlaub in 1860 under the binomial name Querquedula bernieri. It is one of many dabbling ducks in the genus Anas. It is one of the "grey teals", a group of related ducks found across Australasia. DNA studies suggest that it may have been a sister species with Sauzier's teal (which was found on the nearby islands of Mauritius and Réunion until it became extinct). Studies further suggest that its closest living relative is the Andaman teal, and confirm that it is related to the gray teal. There are no subspecies.<p>The duck's common and species names both commemorate Chevalier Bernier, a French naval surgeon and naturalist who collected nearly 200 specimens of various species while stationed in Madagascar. The genus name Anas is a Latin word meaning "duck".
- 学名
- Anas bernieri
- 命名信息
- (Hartlaub, 1860)
- 目
- Anseriformes
- 科
- Anatidae
- 属
- Anas
分布与栖息地
Bernier's teal is endemic to the island of Madagascar, where it is found in mangrove forests. It rarely leaves this habitat, where it favors open shallow ponds and lakes, mostly brackish. Its range encompasses the whole of the west coast and the extreme north-east. It is known to breed at a few sites, central and north-west coasts. Subfossil evidence from the Holocene period shows that the teal formerly had a much wider distribution across the island.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The male Bernier's teal whistles, while the female's call is described as "a croaking quak".<p>Bernier's teal typically spends much of its day actively feeding. It wades at the edge of shallow water, filtering mud and dabbling at the water's surface. It feeds on invertebrates, plant materials, and insects.<p>All known nests of wild Bernier's teal have been found either above or close to water in grey mangrove trees, in holes 1–3 m (3.3–9.8 ft) above the water's surface. In captivity, the species will also use nest boxes. The birds add no materials to the nest. Instead, the female lays her eggs directly on floor of the cavity, covering them initially with wood shavings or rotting bits of wood and later with down feathers from her own breast. In captivity, clutch sizes varied from 3 to 9, with an average of 6.75 eggs per female. The eggs are pale buff in colour, smooth and elliptical in shape, measuring 46 mm × 34.6 mm (1.81 in × 1.36 in) on average. This is smaller than the eggs of any of the other "grey teals". Only the female incubates the eggs.
保护状况
Bernier's teal is on the verge of extinction. There are only about 1500 left in the world. The reason these ducks are on the verge of extinction is because their natural habitat, mangrove forests, are being destroyed for timber and fuel, and to expand cultivation. Hunting for food is also a threat.<p>The species is now held in wildfowl collections throughout the world, and several captive breeding programs exist. The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust on Jersey, for example, has reared nearly 100 since starting their breeding program in 1995. In the US, Sylvan Heights Bird Park in North Carolina and the Louisville Zoo in Kentucky have both successfully fledged ducklings.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Booted Warbler
Iduna caligata
Small, recalling a beige chiffchaff or other Phylloscopus warbler. Rather nondescript: gray brown above, paler below, with a short, dark-tipped bill and conspicuous pale eyebrow. Pot-bellied with short wings and a square-tipped tail. Can be extremely difficult to identify; compare carefully with small Acrocephalus warblers and other Iduna warblers, especially Sykes’s Warbler. Found in low bushes in steppes and meadows; also bushy areas in migration and in winter. Usually forages low down, and occasionally on the ground. Song starts out with a few dry chitters, then launches into a rapidfire burst of high-pitched chattering that almost stumbles over itself. Also gives dry “tchak” and rattle calls.
Dusky Tetraka
Crossleyia tenebrosa
Extremely rare and enigmatic tetraka. Dark olive-green overall, with a pale yellowish throat and ring around the eye. Chunky and short-tailed. Madagascar endemic that is known from a handful of sites in the northeastern rainforest at middle and low elevations. Inhabits the ground and understory and acts much like Yellow-browed Oxylabes, but lacks that species’ bold eyebrow. Shorter-tailed than Spectacled Tetraka, with a duller eye-ring. Call is a very high, thin “seet” given singly or in a quick series.
Blue Ground Dove
Claravis pretiosa
Attractive small dove of humid forest edges and clearings in tropical lowlands; in some places wanders into small rural villages. Typically rather wary, and most often seen in fast, rather direct flight, as singles or pairs. Powder-blue male is striking and distinctive. Female is most easily identified when with the male. On lone females, note the rusty rump and rather long rusty tail.
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