Tyrannine Woodcreeper
Dendrocincla tyrannina
Fairly large woodcreeper found in the subtropical zone in the Andes from Colombia to Peru. Very plain warm brown with few markings, save for some vague paler streaking on the head and throat. Rather long, straight bill. All other woodcreepers found at similar elevations have much more streaking. Compare with Plain-brown, which is found at lower elevations. Uncommon in montane forest, usually following a mixed-species flock.
识别特征
The tyrannine woodcreeper is rather larger and heavier than most others of its genus. It is 23 to 26.5 cm (9.1 to 10 in) long and weighs 40 to 64 g (1.4 to 2.3 oz). The sexes have the same plumage, though males average heavier than females. The nominate subspecies mostly warm brown, with a paler throat, faint buff streaks on its forecrown and behind the eye, and a rufescent cast to the wings and tail. Subspecies D. t. hellmayri is a more olive-brown than the nominate, and has less rufescent wings and tail. Both subspecies have a brown to bluish gray iris and gray to blackish legs and feet. Their large bill has a brownish gray to black maxilla and a brownish to bluish gray mandible.
分类信息
The tyrannine woodcreeper has two subspecies, the nominate D. t. tyrannina (Lafresnaye, 1851) and D. t. hellmayri (Cory, 1913).
- 学名
- Dendrocincla tyrannina
- 命名信息
- (Lafresnaye, 1851)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Dendrocincla
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of the tyrannine woodcreeper is found in Colombia's Western and Central Andes and south on both slopes of the Andes through Ecuador and Peru and slightly into Bolivia. D. t. hellmayri is found on the eastern slope of Colombia's Eastern Andes and in adjacent western Venezuela. The species inhabits humid temperate, subtropical, and tropical montane forest. It favors the interior of primary forest though it also occurs at the edges and in mature secondary forest. It only rarely occurs in clearings. In elevation it ranges between 1,800 and 2,300 m (5,900 and 7,500 ft) in Venezuela. In Colombia it mostly ranges between 1,500 and 3,000 m (4,900 and 9,800 ft) but occurs as low as 720 m (2,400 ft) in the southwest of the country. In Ecuador it ranges between 1,400 and 3,100 m (4,600 and 10,200 ft) but is most common between 1,800 and 2,700 m (5,900 and 8,900 ft). In central Peru it has been documented between 1,310 and 2,225 m (4,300 and 7,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Spectacled Owl
Pulsatrix perspicillata
Uncommon but unmistakable. Very large spectacular owl of humid evergreen forest in tropical lowlands and foothills. Often roosts at low to middle levels, usually well hidden in shady spots, and flushes easily. At night, favors open forest canopy and forest edge, but calling birds can be well hidden in foliage. Song is a resonant, pulsating series of deep hoots, sounding rather like a sheet of metal being flexed quickly; an uncommon variant call of the Mottled Owl sounds rather similar.
Rufous Cacholote
Pseudoseisura unirufa
Large cinnamon-colored ovenbird with piercing yellow eyes and a long gray crest. Found in gallery forest, near marshes and woodlands; often near human habitations. Mostly forages on the ground, but also in trees; builds a large stick nest. Song is a loud duet: an accelerating series ending with a rattle mixed with “chew” notes.
Variable Goshawk
Tachyspiza hiogaster
A common, mid-sized raptor of forest edge in the lowlands and foothills. Three distinct color morphs occur. The common one has slate-gray above and rufous below, plus all gray and all white morphs. Scans for prey from a perch. Similar to Collared Sparrowhawk and Brown Goshawk, but Variable is larger and lack any rufous collar. Common call, a quick series or regular squeaky calls, “ki-ki-ki-ki-ki-ki-ki-ki-ki!”
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