Red-billed Scythebill
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris
Look for the notably long, extremely decurved bill. Otherwise a typical woodcreeper, mostly warm brown with buffy streaks on the head and breast. Easy to identify when the only scythebill in range, but does overlap with other scythebill species. Especially beware of Curve-billed Scythebill, which typically has less streaking on the back (but streaking is variable across range, hence some might be best left unidentified). Red-billed’s red bill is usually obvious enough to distinguish from Brown-billed Scythebill, but can be difficult to judge in certain conditions. Note Red-billed is often found in drier forest than Brown-billed. Hitches up tree trunks much like a woodpecker. Most often seen following mixed-species flocks in the forest, sometimes in adjacent second growth. Typically below 1,000 m, but locally higher.
识别特征
The red-billed scythebill is 22 to 28 cm (8.7 to 11 in) long and weighs 30 to 55 g (1.1 to 1.9 oz). It is a slim, medium-sized woodcreeper with a very long, slim, dramatically decurved bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies C. t. trochilirostris have a thinly streaked face and neck with a weak supercilium. Their crown, nape, and back are reddish olive-brown, with the back being somewhat lighter. Their crown has longish whitish to ochraceous spots with narrow blackish edges; the spots narrow on the nape and become thin streaks on the upper back. Their rump is cinnamon-rufous that contrasts little with the back, their flight feathers are rufous-chestnut, and their tail is a slightly darker rufous-chestnut. Their wing coverts have wide reddish olive-brown edges and the tips of the primaries are dusky. Their throat and chin are white, the latter with thin brownish streaks. Their underparts are a slightly lighter brown than the back; their breast has buff streaks that narrow on the belly but don't continue onto the undertail coverts. Their underwing coverts are light cinnamon to ochraceous. Their iris is dark brown to hazel, their bill bright red or reddish brown (often with a dusky tip and base), and their legs and feet grayish olive to dull pea-green. Juveniles are less richly colored than adults, with less well defined and more ochraceous streaks, and a darker and much shorter bill.<p>The other subspecies of the red-billed scythebill differ from the nominate and each other thus:
分类信息
The red-billed scythebill has these 12 subspecies:<p>The red-billed scythebill and black-billed scythebill (C. falcularius) have at times been considered conspecific and also as sister species, but genetic data indicate neither is true. The red-billed and curve-billed scythebill (C. procurvoides) have also been suggested as sister species. Some of the subspecies are difficult to distinguish from each other. In addition, a small number of additional subspecies have been suggested to be split from existing ones.
- 学名
- Campylorhamphus trochilirostris
- 命名信息
- (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1820)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Campylorhamphus
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of the red-billed scythebill are found thus:<p>The red-billed scythebill inhabits a wide variety of wooded landscapes, most of which are open to semi-open. These include Gran Chaco woodland, gallery forest, cerrado, caatinga, forest clusters in savannah, secondary forest, and some scrublands. In the Amazon Basin it favors seasonally flooded várzea and igapó forest and riverside canebrakes. In elevation it mostly occurs below about 1,200 m (3,900 ft) but reaches 1,900 m (6,200 ft) in Ecuador and 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in Venezuela.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The red-billed scythebill is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The red-billed scythebill's diet is chiefly arthropods, especially soft-bodied ones like spiders, and also includes small vertebrates. It usually forages singly, though sometimes in pairs, and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It hitches up and along trunks and branches, mostly from the upper level of the understory to the subcanopy but also sometimes higher and lower. It typically takes its prey by probing crevices and holes in bark, bamboo, rotting wood, moss clumps, bromeliads, and epiphytes.<p>The red-billed scythebill's breeding seasons vary widely across its very large range. For instance, it nests between May and July in northern Venezuela and September to November in southern Brazil. It nests in a cavity in a tree or stump which it lines with leaves and other plant matter. The clutch size is one to three eggs though usually two; the incubation period and time to fledging are not known. Evidence suggests that both parents contribute to caring for the brood.<p>Like its breeding seasons, the red-billed scythebill's songs vary widely throughout its range. One in Venezuela is "a rapid descending whinny...'we’he’he’he’he’he’he’e’e’e’e’e' ". In western Ecuador and Peru it is "a descending and gradually slowing series of fewer whistled notes, 'tuwee-tuwee-toowa-tew-tew' ". In northeastern Brazil the song is "a short series of fluted notes 'wuut wuut wit-wit-triffit' " that ascends at the end. The species also makes a variety of calls.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Todd's Sirystes
Sirystes subcanescens
Medium-sized, gray-and-white flycatcher of rainforest canopy. Note clean white underparts, contrasting dark head, and (usually) ruffled crown feathers. A rather uncommon resident of tall rainforest; usually found in pairs or small groups, which can be quite noisy and often perch on exposed bare branches. Feeds mainly on insects gleaned in short flights to foliage. May follow mixed-species flocks but often observed away from them. Most easily detected by its varied, strident calls, which include a long, mournful whistle reminiscent of Dusky-capped Flycatcher, and a rapid series of short whistles, the final one lower-pitched and longer. Distinguished from Dusky-capped Flycatcher by white underparts and more varied, excited-sounding vocalizations.
Maxwell's Black Weaver
Ploceus albinucha
An entirely black forest weaver with piercing white eyes found in low-elevation and foothill forests, in small groups or with mixed-species flocks, sometimes with other species of weaver. Occasionally forms much larger groups, and will sometimes nest in large single-species or mixed-species colonies. Birds in the western part of the range have a silver nape, but birds in the east are wholly black. Western populations are nearly identical to co-occurring populations of Vieillot’s Weaver, but have a thinner, pointier bill and prefer more forested habitats. Vocalizations include dry chatters and soft mechanical rasps, sometimes given in complex combinations.
Fanti Sawwing
Psalidoprocne obscura
An elegant sooty-brown swallow with a distinctive long and deeply forked tail. Plumage has a greenish gloss if seen well. Female and juvenile have shorter tails, and the latter is brownish. Resident in some areas; in others, occurs only in the breeding season. Pairs prefer foraging over clearings and the edges of evergreen forest, open woodland, and cultivation, usually near water. Not very vocal, but emits faint squeaky notes and trills. The only other sawwing in Fanti’s range is Square-tailed, which has a much shorter, square-ended tail.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。