Croaking Ground Dove
Columbina cruziana
Small, dirt-colored dove of desert lowlands, where it is often common in towns, parks, farmland, and semiopen areas in general. In pairs or small groups; feeds on the ground but often perches on wires. Flight is rather fast and direct, and usually low. Readily identified by diagnostic bright orange base on a rather stout (for a dove) bill. Male has more blue-gray tones than pinkish female. Call is a distinctive wet quacking or farting sound (not a croak), usually given in short series.
识别特征
The croaking ground dove is 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Males weigh about 52 g (1.8 oz) and females 46 g (1.6 oz). The adult male's head is bluish gray, and its upperparts brownish gray. The central tail feathers are darker gray, and the outer ones black with white tips. The closed wing shows a dark bar and lines of dark spots. The breast and underparts are mauve pink. The eye is red with a white outer ring and is surrounded by bare yellow skin. Its fairly long bill is bright yellow near its base. The adult female's head is brown and the wing markings are less intense than the male's. Juveniles are similar to the female but their feathers have buffy tips.
分类信息
The croaking ground dove and Picui ground dove (Columbina picui) are sometimes considered sister species. The croaking ground dove is monotypic.
- 学名
- Columbina cruziana
- 命名信息
- (Prévost, 1842)
- 目
- Columbiformes
- 科
- Columbidae
- 属
- Columbina
分布与栖息地
The croaking ground dove is found near the Pacific coast from Nariño Department in extreme southwestern Colombia through Ecuador and Peru to Chile's Tarapacá Region. Its range in Peru also includes the more inland Marañón Valley. It inhabits arid and semi-arid landscapes with scrub and riparian thickets, and is often found in farmland, gardens, and parks. Though it is mostly a bird of the lowlands, it can be found as high as 2,400 m (7,900 ft) in some areas.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The croaking ground dove forages on the ground for seeds, but no details have been published.<p>The croaking ground dove has bred in every month but September and October in the human-inhabited areas of southwestern Ecuador, but might be shorter away from human settlement. The species usually nests in bushes or trees and has also been recorded to nest on the ground and on building ledges, earthen banks, and low cliffs. The clutch size can be one to three, but is usually two.<p>The croaking ground dove's song is unlike that of any other dove, "a burry low-pitched overslurred rrRwl. It also produces some soft grunts and growls.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Mascarene Swiftlet
Aerodramus francicus
Small gray swift with a slightly paler rump and belly. Flight is fast but erratic, with the wings pushed forward. Nests in caves, but can be seen in flight over all habitats on the islands of Mauritius and Reunion. The calls include high-pitched twitters and echolocation clicks. Usually easy to identify, as it is the only resident swift on the Mascarenes. Occurs alongside Mascarene Martin, but distinguished by the gray rather than brown overall coloration, unstreaked underparts, and more erratic flight style.
Black Berrypecker
Melanocharis nigra
A small, common bird of lowland and foothill forest. Fairly slender with a black bill. Male plumage varies geographically but all have black head, back, tail and a white side tuft. Underparts are gray or black, and wing is olive or black. Female is mainly olive with a slightly paler underparts. Similar to Obscure and Mid-Mountain Berrypeckers, but Black has a shorter tail than Mid-Mountain and lacks the orange bill of Obscure. Voice, a repeated, scratchy “witoo-chii!” ending on a high note.
St. Lucia Amazon
Amazona versicolor
A stout inhabitant of wet montane forests; sometimes ventures into orchards. This species often appears green with a bluish head, though a variable amount of red is present on the chest and belly. In overflight, a small red patch on each wing can be seen above and below. No other parrots occur within its range, and no parrot commonly kept in captivity resembles this species. Calls include a somewhat sharp “ka-chuck” and plaintive “ay-uh.”
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