Painted Francolin
Francolinus pictus
Boldly patterned francolin with conspicuous white spotting on the underparts and upperparts. Endemic to peninsular India and Sri Lanka, but recently has not been recorded in most of south India. Occurs in cultivated and open habitat with scattered trees and dense undergrowth where it remains hidden most of the year. Commonly detected in the late summer and monsoon by its repeated, grating, and high-pitched “click—khrak-khrukuk—khrakakak” calls. Territorial males are occasionally seen calling from raised open perches including treetops. Calls nearly identical to Black Francolin.
识别特征
This species is endemic to the Indian subcontinent. It is distributed patchily from Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh south into peninsular India (but not along the Malabar coast and rare south of Coimbatore) and in Sri Lanka. The species interbreeds with the black francolin along its northern and appears similar to the female of that species but has no rufous hindcollar, instead having a bright rufous face and throat. The underside has white spots while the legs are orange-yellow to red. It is more arboreal in its habits than the black francolin. The legs of both sexes have no spurs.<p>The species was described by P. J. Selby based on a specimen obtained by his nephew John Atherton of Bangalore (commemorated in Nyctyornis athertoni). The type locality has been designated as Bangalore although the specimen likely came from further north.<p>Three subspecies have been named. The nominate population are from Central and South India south of 20°N while to the north is the form pallidus (type locality Udaipur). This form is paler on the upperparts. The Sri Lankan race is watsoni. In Sri Lanka it has a restricted distribution and is found from the Uvala patinas east to the low-country of Nilgala and Bibile.<p>Populations change during and after the monsoons, and hunters have been known to capture nearly 300 from some areas.
分类信息
- 学名
- Francolinus pictus
- 命名信息
- (Jardine & Selby, 1828)
- 目
- Galliformes
- 科
- Phasianidae
- 属
- Francolinus
分布与栖息地
The distribution of this species is to the south of the range of the black francolin. It is found patchily distributed in semi-dry undulating grasslands with scrub or cultivation. It is found in drier areas than the black francolin but wetter zones than the grey francolin.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
They are not easy to spot but become vocal during the breeding season after the Monsoons, from June to October. The call is made in the early morning and has been described as guttural broken crow "chee-kee-kerray- Chee-kee-kerray" which is answered by other birds in the vicinity. A preliminary click may be heard when at close range. It is usually seen calling from an elevated position such as a mound, bush or tree stump. During the non-breeding season, they may call at dusk. The nest is a scrape in the ground. Six or seven smoky white eggs are laid.<p>They feed on grass seeds (including Brachiaria ramosa) as well as grains of cultivated rice. Beetles and other insects are also eaten. They also feed on the tuberous roots of Cyperus rotundus.<p>When walking around it sometimes has the habit of cocking up its tail and when disturbed it usually freezes and flushes only when approached very close. It roosts in trees and sometimes also on the ground.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Fulvous-dotted Treerunner
Margarornis stellatus
A uniquely-marked little Furnariid. Very uncommon in restricted range on the west slope of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador. Mostly bright orange-rufous with a dazzling white throat that bleeds down into bold speckles on upper breast. Singles or pairs forage with mixed-species flocks, usually hitching along mossy branches in the middle to upper levels. Occurs in humid mossy forest from around 1,200–2,200 m, typically at lower elevations than Pearled Treerunner.
Maroon Oriole
Oriolus traillii
Large, pale-eyed songbird of lower and middle elevations of montane forests. Male blood red with inky black head and wings and dark bill; female similar but less richly colored. Juvenile brown above, pale with dark stippling below, paler bill, and tawny undertail coverts. Birds in Taiwan and central Vietnam are much brighter red overall. Usually seen in pairs or small flocks, sometimes with mixed-species flocks. Pairs often engage in an ethereal duet: male gives a series of melodic notes, to which the female responds with a long, airy whistle. Also gives harsh, rasping calls.
Mountain Caracara
Daptrius megalopterus
Uncommon to fairly common in the Andes, where its range does not overlap with closely related species to the north and south. Favors open habitats from puna plains to bleak desert and ski lodges, often with rocky cliffs nearby. Sails, soars, and tumbles easily on updrafts. Adult is strikingly patterned black-and-white with a black head and breast and a bold white tail tip. Juvenile is rather similar to smaller Chimango Caracara of lowlands, but distinguished by black (not pale) bill.
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