Xingu Scythebill
Campylorhamphus multostriatus
A brown, tree-climbing bird with a strongly curved bill. Appears small-headed; plumage is mostly rufous-brown with buffy streaking on head and neck. Found in tall rainforest, where it is uncommon and locally distributed; often occurs in areas with extensive bamboo thickets. Generally shy and rather difficult to observe. Forages at middle and upper levels, using extraordinary bill to probe into deep bark crevices, bromeliads, and broken bamboo stems. Regularly follows mixed-species flocks. Song is a descending and accelerating series of strident whistles. Curved bill should immediately distinguish this species from other woodcreepers in range. Restricted to a small area of eastern Amazonia, south of the Amazon River, between the Xingu and Tocantins Rivers.
识别特征
The Xingu scythebill is 22.5 to 25 cm (8.9 to 9.8 in) long and weighs about 38 g (1.3 oz). It is a slim, medium-sized woodcreeper with a very long, slim, dramatically decurved bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a blackish head. Their back and wing coverts are dark rufous-brown with wide lighter streaks that have black edges. Their rump and tail are dark chestnut. Their throat is plain whitish. Their underparts are brown with wide buffy streaks that have indistinct darker borders on the breast that don't continue onto the belly. Their iris is dark brown to chestnut and their bill dark brown to reddish with a paler mandible.
分类信息
The Xingu scythebill was long considered conspecific with the curve-billed scythebill (C. procurvoides), which at the time also included what is now the Tapajos scythebill (C. probatus). By the early 2010s BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) had separated it as this species. In July 2023 the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) adopted the split and in October 2023 the Clements taxonomy followed suit.<p>The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society retains this taxon within the curve-billed scythebill.<p>The Xingu scythebill is monotypic: No subspecies are recognized.
- 学名
- Campylorhamphus multostriatus
- 命名信息
- (Snethlage, E, 1907)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Dendrocolaptidae
- 属
- Campylorhamphus
分布与栖息地
The Xingu scythebill is found in eastern Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon between the Xingu and Tocantins rivers and south into Mato Grosso state. The species inhabits humid evergreen forest. It greatly favors terra firme but occasionally occurs in floodplain and seasonally flooded forest. It often occurs in bamboo thickets or vine-rich areas. In all forest types the species favors the interior though it does visit the forest edges. In elevation it mostly occurs below 500 m (1,600 ft) but locally reaches 800 m (2,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Xingu scythebill is assumed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>Almost nothing is known about the Xingu scythebill's diet or foraging behavior. However, it is assumed to be very similar to that of the curve-billed scythebill. That species' diet is mostly if not entirely arthropods. Single birds and pairs usually forage as part of mixed-species feeding flocks in the forest understory to its mid-level, though it will feed up to the subcanopy. It forages by gleaning and probing while hitching up and along trunks, branches, vines, and bamboo.<p>Nothing is known about the Xingu scythebill's breeding biology.<p>The Xingu scythebill's song is described as "a series of c. 7–10 notes, with little variation in note length and pitch". It is somewhat similar to that of the curve-billed scythebill sensu stricto, which is described as "an accelerating series...of 7–9 somewhat melancholy whistles on even pitch or falling slightly...'weeee, weé, wee, we, we, wew' or 'kuweee, kuwee, kwee, wee-wee-we-we-we. ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
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