White-shouldered Starling
Sturnia sinensis
Sturdy songbird of open farmlands and fields; can often be found fairly close to human habitation. Adult male has soft brown head and breast, bluish bill, and white belly. Female darker, with dirty brown extending from the head down to the back and belly. Both sexes have white rumps, black flight feathers, and bright white wing coverts. Often found in large flocks with other starlings. Notably smaller and stouter than many of the other starlings in its range.
识别特征
The white-shouldered starling has blue eyes, a grey bill, and a white patch on the shoulder. The adult male has a light brown head and breast and a white belly while an adult female is darker brown on the back and belly. This bird is usually found in large flocks.
分类信息
The white-shouldered starling was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the orioles in the genus Oriolus and coined the binomial name Oriolus sinensis. The specific epithet sinensis is Modern Latin for "Chinese". Gmelin based his description on "Le Kink" from China that had been described in 1775 by the French polymath the Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux. A hand-coloured engraving by François-Nicolas Martinet was published to accompany Buffon's text.<p>The white-shouldered starling was formerly placed in the genus Sturnus. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2008 found the genus was polyphyletic. In the reoganization to create monotypic genera, the white-shouldered starling was one of five starlings moved to the resurrected genus Sturnia that had been introduced in 1837 by René Lesson. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Sturnia sinensis
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Sturnidae
- 属
- Sturnia
分布与栖息地
The bird can be found in Asian countries including Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Common names for the white-shouldered starling are gray-backed myna, Chinese myna, Chinese starling, and Mandarin myna.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
The conservation status of the white-shouldered starling is that of "Least Concern".
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Tahiti Reed Warbler
Acrocephalus caffer
A large, slender warbler with a disproportionately long bill, short wings, and a long tail. Face and eyebrow yellowish-buff with a dark eye-stripe and a pale throat. Upper body and wings mostly dark with pale edges to feathers, giving a messy mottled appearance. Some birds are much paler, often almost entirely white with some mottling. An entirely dark sooty morph occurs. Found in riverine and hillside forest with stands of bamboo up to 600 meters of elevation. Song is a long, slow sequence of warbled phrases and “churr” notes. Calls include harsh churring and “tchak” notes.
Sri Lanka Green-Pigeon
Treron pompadora
Medium-sized green pigeon with yellow face and yellowish line on the wing. Male has a maroon back that is green on the female. Found singly or in small groups at upper levels of forest in lowlands and hills. Maroon back of male rules out similar species. Female has pale, green-marked undertail, unlike plainer, rufous undertail of Orange-breasted Green-Pigeon, or rufous markings of Yellow-footed Green-Pigeon. Legs and feet of Sri Lanka Green-Pigeon are reddish. Call a series of drawn-out whistles.
Pygmy Hanging-Parrot
Loriculus exilis
A tiny, bright green parrot with an orange bill, a slim red throat patch, and a red tail. Juveniles have a yellow bill and lack the throat patch. Inhabits the canopy of lowland and hill forest, where usually encountered singly, sometimes in company with Sulawesi Hanging-Parrot. Differs from that species in its smaller size, red bill, green forehead, and uniform green mantle. Calls include a very high-pitched, insect-like “sit,” sometimes given in rapid couplets, that can be hard to hear.
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