Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail
Spartonoica maluroides
Small, with a long spiky tail. Has a brown-streaked black back contrasting with a cinnamon crown and pale underparts. Note the pale eyebrow. Found in well-vegetated marshes and wet areas with tall grass. The song is an insect-like buzzy trill.
识别特征
The bay-capped wren-spinetail is 13 to 14.5 cm (5.1 to 5.7 in) long and weighs about 10.5 g (0.37 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a whitish supercilium on an otherwise sandy brown face. Their crown is rufous. Their upperparts are sandy brown to olive-brown with bold black streaks on the nape and upper back. Their wings are brown with cinnamon at the base of the flight feathers. Their tail is mostly brown and graduated with pointed feathers; the central pair have some black. Their underparts are whitish with a buff or cinnamon tinge on the breast, sides, and flanks. Their iris is dull white, whitish, or pale bluish, their maxilla blackish, their mandible whitish to pinkish with a dark tip, and their legs and feet light tan. There are some minor differences in size and darkness of plumage, but little genetic divergence, between coastal and inland populations.
分类信息
The bay-capped wren-spinetail is the only member of genus Spartonoica and has no subspecies.<p>The bay-capped wren-spinetail was originally described as Synallaxis maluroides. It was later placed in genus Asthenes but has been recognized in Spartonoica starting in 1950. Genetic data show that it is not closely related to genus Asthenes but instead is sister to the cachalotes of genus Pseudoseisura.
- 学名
- Spartonoica maluroides
- 命名信息
- (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Spartonoica
分布与栖息地
The bay-capped wren-spinetail is found from extreme southern Brazil south through Uruguay into northern Argentina as far south as Río Negro Province. It also has occurred as a non-breeder in Paraguay. It inhabits reedbeds and sedges in freshwater, brackish, and saltwater marshes. In elevation it ranges from sea level to about 900 m (3,000 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The bay-capped wren-spinetail's movements have not been fully defined. It appears to be mostly resident but the species has been noted as far north as Paraguay in the non-breeding season.<p>The bay-capped wren-spinetail feeds on invertebrates, mostly insects and spiders. It usually forages alone, gleaning from marsh grasses and sedges. There is some evidence that pairs that nest in salt marshes preferentially feed in freshwater marshes.<p>In Argentina the bay-capped wren-spinetail breeds between September and February. The species is monogamous, and both sexes build the nest, incubate the eggs, and brood and feed nestlings. The nest is an open cup (uniquely among furnariids) built of twigs and grass and placed low to the ground deep inside marsh vegetation. The clutch size is two to four eggs. The incubation period is about 13 days and fledging occurs 11 to 14 days after hatch.<p>The bay-capped wren-spinetail's primary song is "a grasshopper-like buzz, long and tuneless, rising and falling away". It has other vocalizations whose purposes have not been defined.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
South American Painted-Snipe
Nycticryphes semicollaris
Distinctive and attractive, but a rarely seen denizen of fresh and brackish wetlands, especially with shallow water and low to knee-high grasses; also found on lakeshores with taller reeds and rushes. Occasionally seen feeding quietly at edge of vegetation, but mostly seen when flushed from close range. Flies up silently with stiff flicking wingbeats and brief glides, long legs trailing, and drops back to cover usually not far away. Note bold white spots on wings and droop-tipped bill. Related to jacanas, not closely related to the typical snipe.
Slaty-backed Gull
Larus schistisagus
Thickset, short-winged, pot-bellied gull. Adult has dark gray back and wings, intense pink legs, and an especially large white “crescent” (white tertial edges) near the wingtips when perched. Breeding adult white-headed; nonbreeding birds have variably heavy brown streaking on the head and upper breast. Takes four years for immatures to progress from mostly brown to fully white and gray adult plumage; intermediate plumages are often mottled and messy. Often looks rather frosty by the first winter; starts to develop a gray back and whitish eye in its second year. Primarily an Asian species, found in coastal regions from Japan and South Korea to Russia. Regularly occurs in western Alaska, but very rare elsewhere in North America.
Black-billed Thrush
Turdus ignobilis
A drab thrush, common in open habitats and woodlands in the lowlands but also wanders up into Andean foothills. Nondescript grayish-brown with a pale whitish belly. Note indistinct streaking on throat; some populations also show a white patch on chest. Sexes similar. Usually seen singly or in pairs. Conspicuous. Song is a typical thrushlike series of musical phrases.
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