Venezuelan Troupial
Icterus icterus
A brilliant and brash resident of thornscrub, cactus forests and other arid landscapes. Rather large-headed, often sporting a short shaggy crest, with a blue teardrop of bare skin around each eye, thus differing from most other orioles. Also note the long white slash on each wing. The Baltimore Oriole is passingly similar, but it is smaller, less bulky, and has less black on the chest than Venezuelan Troupial. Vocalizations are mostly loud and flutelike. They include an upward inflected “chu-wee,” a down slurred “shee-oo,” a quick series “thank-you, thank-you, thank-you, chu-eee, che-ee, chu-ee,” and “Chu-oo-eee-o.”
识别特征
Venezuelan troupials are fairly large in size, with a long tail and a bulky bill. It has a black head and upper breast. The feathers on the front of the neck and upper breast stick outward, making an uneven boundary between the black and the orange of the bird's lower breast and underside. The rest of the orange color is found on the upper and lower back, separated by the black shoulders. The wings are mostly black except for a white streak that runs the length of the wing when in a closed position. The eyes are yellow, and surrounding each one, there is a patch of bright, blue, naked skin.<p>There are three subspecies: I. i. icterus, I. i. ridgwayi, and I. i. metai. Individuals of I. i. metae have more orange on the back and a black line that divides the lengthwise white wing-stripe in half. Individuals of I. i. ridgwayi are generally stronger and larger in proportion to the other subspecies.
分类信息
- 学名
- Icterus icterus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Icteridae
- 属
- Icterus
分布与栖息地
Venezuelan troupial inhabit dry areas like woodlands, gallery forest, dry scrub, plains, and open savanna, where they forage mainly Giant Cacti Fruit, making up the majority of their diet whilst in season. However they also forage other fruits such as mangoes, sapodillas, papaya, soursop, dates and malphighia cherries. They have also been known to eat the juvenile birds and unhatched eggs of the nests they attack.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Their mating behavior can be expressed as defensive in both males and females. Although males usually sing as a sign of attracting females or defending themselves from unwanted/competing troupials. Duetting behavior in these particular birds is meant to defend their territories and maintain contact (communication). Males also approach this behavior during paternity guarding contexts, as this species' behavior is consistent in breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Their defending behavior was exclusively related to troupials having couples, as their partners usually elicit stronger vocals and physical responses.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
North Moluccan Cicadabird
Edolisoma grayi
Small cuckooshrike with a restricted range in the North Moluccan islands. Males are mainly gray with black on the face, wing, and tail. Distinctive female has brown upperparts, with a gray cap and buff fringing on the wing, and buff underparts with fine barring. Found in forest and forest edge habitats at low and middle elevations. Forages singly, in pairs, or in small groups, mainly in the canopy. Vocalizations include a long, cicada-like buzzing note.
Groove-billed Ani
Crotophaga sulcirostris
Anis are bizarre, coal-black cuckoos with long floppy tails and unique, curiously tall, flattened bills. Groove-billed occurs in a variety of open and semi-open habitats in tropical lowlands and foothills, typically staying low in shrubs and grasses. Gregarious and not particularly graceful; usually seen crashing around awkwardly in small groups. Flies with choppy wingbeats and long glides. Widespread and common throughout Middle America, as far north as Texas. In South America, primarily occurs west of the Andes; also in inter-Andean valleys and lowlands of northern Colombia and Venezuela. Compare with the very similar Smooth-billed Ani, which overlaps locally. Note especially the bill shape: Groove-billed typically has a lower, more evenly rounded top edge to the bill without an obvious keel, and the lower edge of the bill is straighter. Grooves are distinctive but can be difficult to see. Voice is also important: listen for a sharp “PIT!-tooee” and other sharp clicks and whistles.
Sri Lanka Drongo
Dicrurus lophorinus
Large, upright, blackish bird with a long, deeply-forked tail and tuft of feathers on the forehead. Typically found in pairs, often in mixed flocks, within the understory of humid forests in the lowlands and foothills of Sri Lanka’s Wet Zone. Lacks rackets, unlike similar Greater Racket-tailed Drongo. Tuft of feathers above the bill is absent in similar Ashy and Black Drongos. Tail shape an important feature: deeply-forked with curled up tips to the outer tail feathers unlike other drongos. Very vocal, with varied repertoire, including a repetitive “whichitu-whichitu-whichitu”, and metallic “kerplee”, as well as complex whistles, bell-like calls, and scratchy notes.
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