Eastern Shrike-tit

Falcunculus frontatus

Small bird with short, heavy bill. Green above, yellow below, with bold black-and-white head pattern. Male has black chin, female dark greenish. Found across south eastern and eastern Australia. Inhabits eucalypt woodlands and some wetter woodlands, where it tears bark noisily, looking for food. Song is loud and includes a descending three-part whistle. Also an accomplished mimic of many other species’ songs. Formerly treated as one of the geographically isolated subspecies of Crested Shrike-tit.

识别特征

The eastern shriketit is 15–19 cm (5.9–7.5 in) in overall length, with a wingspan of 24–29 cm (9.4–11.4 in). The males weigh 26.5–40 g (0.9–1.4 oz) and the females 23–33 g (0.8–1.2 oz).The eastern shriketit has a mantle, back and rump that are olive-brown to olive-green. The underparts are yellow. The head features broad white patches separated by a thick black eyeline with another black band running over the crown from the bill to the nape. The male has an erectable crest. It has a large bill with which to lever and strip bark. The throat of the male is black, whereas that of the female is olive-brown. Juveniles have a similar head pattern to adults but the throat, breast and belly are buffy-white, and the wings are browner.The call of the eastern shriketit is a weak, mellow and mournful whistle, sounding like whiert, whit-whit, wheeir. It also makes repeated stuttering or chuckling calls described as "knock-at-the-door", and can perfectly mimic many species within its habitat.The golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis) occupies a similar range and habitat to the eastern shriketit from which it is distinguished by a mostly black head, white throat with black breast-band, narrow bill and yellow plumage extending across the nape.

分类信息

The eastern shriketit was first described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801 under the binomial name Lanius frontatus.It was named Falcunculus flavigulus by John Gould, which he quickly realised was a frontatus in female plumage.Three subspecies of the crested shriketit (Falcunculus frontatus) were recognised as distinct species based on their widely disjunct distributions and plumage differences, so that F. frontatus was split from F. whitei and F. leucogaster following Schodde and Mason (1999). In appearance, the eastern shriketit differs from the northern shriketit (F. whitei), which has broad yellow wing-margins and brownish-grey wing coverts, and the western shriketit (F. leucogaster), which has a white belly, olive-grey wing-coverts and yellow-edged remiges.The generic name Falcunculus is the diminutive of Late Latin falco 'falcon' and the specific epithet frontalis is from Latin frons 'forehead'.The species is monotypic.

学名: Falcunculus frontatus
命名信息: (Latham, 1801)
目: Passeriformes
科: Falcunculidae
属: Falcunculus

分布与栖息地

The eastern shriketit is endemic to Australia. It is found in the Atherton Tablelands of tropical Queensland, southward through New South Wales and Victoria, including the Murray-Darling basin, to the Mount Lofty Ranges and Fleurieu Peninsula of South Australia. It is commonest in north-central and coastal Victoria and east of the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales; its presence in Queensland is more scattered.Its preferred habitat is the canopy of eucalypt forests and open woodlands, and to a lesser extent stands of mallee, cypress-pine, coastal tea-tree and banksia. It is also found in trees along rivers and occasionally in rainforests.It is sedentary or locally nomadic.

迁徙: Resident species

行为

Migration pattern: Resident species.

保护状况

Population trend: declining.

种群趋势: declining

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分布

鸟叫声

其他鸟类

Cachar Bulbul

Iole cacharensis

A drab, brownish-green bulbul. Face and tail are darker brown, while the vent is rust-colored. The underparts are paler with a tinge of yellow on the throat and belly. Very similar to Olive Bulbul, with which it does not overlap in range, but the Cachar Bulbul is smaller, less rusty on the vent, and has more obvious yellow on the upperparts. Calls include short, wheezy whistles. Inhabits evergreen forests and plantations, where small groups forage in the mid-canopy.

Mountain Illadopsis

Illadopsis pyrrhoptera

Chunky, mid-sized, remarkably drab bird. Found in the understory of montane forest, usually in small groups. Very shy and skulking, rarely seen unless expressly searched for. Most often detected by voice: a descending series of whistles, usually given together by a group of birds, some of which add lower “chuk” notes. Similar to African Hill Babbler, but has a dull-brown rather than rich rufous-brown back. Also very similar to other illadopsises, but generally found at higher elevations, and has a less distinct white throat.

Blue-billed Black-Tyrant

Knipolegus cyanirostris

Large, crestless flycatcher found along the borders of humid forests and in gallery forests, often close to water. Male is mostly glossy black, while females are brown above with a cinnamon rump and buffy below with heavy brown streaks. Usually silent.

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